Names: Generic: modafinil, Trade name in New Zealand: MODAVIGIL® (MIMS 2015).
Drug class: Central nervous stimulants (Wake- promoting agents) (Ballon and Feifel, 2006)
Formulation: Modavigil ® is formulated as modafinil white to off-white, crystalline powder in tablet form. It is available in tablets containing 100mg of modafinil. Excipients in the tablet are: lactose, strach, pregelatinised maize, maicrocrystaline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, providone and magnesium stearate (Medsafe, 2015).
Indications: Modavigil ® is indicated as a treatment for excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcoplasy, obstructive sleep anoea/hypopnoea syndrome in order to improve wakefulness. Due to its wake- promoting effect it can be given to treat excessive sleepiness associated with moderate to severe chronic shift work sleep disorder where nonpharmacological intervention are unsuccessful or inappropriate (Schwartz 2005). It is use off label for an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), treatment of fatigue in Multiple sclerosis and other disease (Dana et al., 2012). Contraindication: Modafinil is not recommended for use in patient with moderate to severe uncontrolled hypertension, or arrhythmia, associated with cardiovascular adverse effects, also those suffering from or have history of left ventricular hypertrophy, cor pulmonale, or of clinically significant signs of CNS stimulant-induced mitral valve prolapse (Including ischaemic ECG changes and chest pain) (Dickman, 2010). Hypersensitivity to modafinil or any component of the formulation (Medsafe, 2015) Adverse effects: Modafinil can commonly cause the following adverse effects: headache, Abdominal pain, abnormal LFTs, anxiety, asthenia, blurred vision, confusion, depression, diarrhoea, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, dyspepsia, insomnia, vasodilation, palpitation, nausea, nervousness, paraesthesia, reduced appetite, tachycardia. …show more content…
Uncommon AE’s include amnesia, arrhythmia cough, diabetes mellitus, dysgeusia, dyskinesia, dysphagia, hypertension/hypotension, migraine, myalgia, peripheral oedema, rhinitis, sweating, thirst, reflux, muscle cramp, urinary frequency, tremor and vomiting. Modafinil can cause complications involving the liver or red blood cell if there is allergic reactions. Some of the unknown side effects include serious skin reaction, e.g., Stevens-Johnson, psychosis, mania, and hallucinations (Dickman, 2010). Drug interaction: Modafinil is metabolized by CYP3A4 and is also has an inhibitory effect of the enzyme CYP2C19. It is weak inducer of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 and weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. The metabolism of SSRIs and TCAs via CYP2C19 become more important if patient has deficient of CYP2D6. As a result, lower doses of the antidepressants may be necessary in patient’s co- administered modafinil (Dickman, 2010). Drug which interact with modafinil include Cyclosporin, Theeophylline, steroidal contaceptives, Diazapam, Propranolol, Phenytonin, tricyclic antidepressants, Rifampicin, selective serotonin, Carbamazepine, reuptake inhibitors, Ketoconazole, Phenobarbital, Itraconazole, phenytoni, Methylphenidate and warfarin (MIMS 2015). Patients Information: Modafinil may cause sedation which may impair performance of skilled task, avoid driving, operation of machinery, or jobs that require to be alert, well-coordinated, or able to think or see well (Dickman, 2010). It is not recommended to the patient with narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea/hyponea syndrome to take a dose later than midday as it acts on neural mechanisms involved in sleep and the onset of sleep which can disrupt regular sleep pattern. For the treatment of shift work sleep disorder, administer dose 1 hour prior to start of work shift (Dana et al., 2012). The use of Modafinil in children and adolescents (<18 years of age) is not recommended. It is not recommended that the …show more content…
Schizophrenia is condition in which patient have abnormalities in attention, memory, verbal processes, impulsivity and executive function. In first episode psychosis (FEP) deficits are present before a formal diagnosis of schizophrenia can be established. Patient with FEP and schizophrenia share deficits in inhibitory control and verbal memory. The purpose of the study is to probe the mechanisms of action of modafinil across cognitive impairment in first episode psychosis. In psychosis cognitive impairments are important factors of functional outcome, which needs to be treated by antipsychotic medication. Previous studies have shown that modafinil improve attention, memory and executive function in the healthy population and in the patients with Schizophrenia. In this study, forty patient with a first episode of psychosis participated. This involved a placebo controlled, followed by a randomized, double-blind, cross-over styled single oral dose of 200mg modafinil. During the first session, half of the participants randomised to receive a single oral dose of a lactose placebo, followed by 200mg modafinil on the second session and the other half of the participants randomised to receive the modafinil, followed by placebo. Statistical repeated-measures analysis model used to measure executive functioning, memory
Drug class: Central nervous stimulants (Wake- promoting agents) (Ballon and Feifel, 2006)
Formulation: Modavigil ® is formulated as modafinil white to off-white, crystalline powder in tablet form. It is available in tablets containing 100mg of modafinil. Excipients in the tablet are: lactose, strach, pregelatinised maize, maicrocrystaline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, providone and magnesium stearate (Medsafe, 2015).
Indications: Modavigil ® is indicated as a treatment for excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcoplasy, obstructive sleep anoea/hypopnoea syndrome in order to improve wakefulness. Due to its wake- promoting effect it can be given to treat excessive sleepiness associated with moderate to severe chronic shift work sleep disorder where nonpharmacological intervention are unsuccessful or inappropriate (Schwartz 2005). It is use off label for an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), treatment of fatigue in Multiple sclerosis and other disease (Dana et al., 2012). Contraindication: Modafinil is not recommended for use in patient with moderate to severe uncontrolled hypertension, or arrhythmia, associated with cardiovascular adverse effects, also those suffering from or have history of left ventricular hypertrophy, cor pulmonale, or of clinically significant signs of CNS stimulant-induced mitral valve prolapse (Including ischaemic ECG changes and chest pain) (Dickman, 2010). Hypersensitivity to modafinil or any component of the formulation (Medsafe, 2015) Adverse effects: Modafinil can commonly cause the following adverse effects: headache, Abdominal pain, abnormal LFTs, anxiety, asthenia, blurred vision, confusion, depression, diarrhoea, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, dyspepsia, insomnia, vasodilation, palpitation, nausea, nervousness, paraesthesia, reduced appetite, tachycardia. …show more content…
Uncommon AE’s include amnesia, arrhythmia cough, diabetes mellitus, dysgeusia, dyskinesia, dysphagia, hypertension/hypotension, migraine, myalgia, peripheral oedema, rhinitis, sweating, thirst, reflux, muscle cramp, urinary frequency, tremor and vomiting. Modafinil can cause complications involving the liver or red blood cell if there is allergic reactions. Some of the unknown side effects include serious skin reaction, e.g., Stevens-Johnson, psychosis, mania, and hallucinations (Dickman, 2010). Drug interaction: Modafinil is metabolized by CYP3A4 and is also has an inhibitory effect of the enzyme CYP2C19. It is weak inducer of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 and weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. The metabolism of SSRIs and TCAs via CYP2C19 become more important if patient has deficient of CYP2D6. As a result, lower doses of the antidepressants may be necessary in patient’s co- administered modafinil (Dickman, 2010). Drug which interact with modafinil include Cyclosporin, Theeophylline, steroidal contaceptives, Diazapam, Propranolol, Phenytonin, tricyclic antidepressants, Rifampicin, selective serotonin, Carbamazepine, reuptake inhibitors, Ketoconazole, Phenobarbital, Itraconazole, phenytoni, Methylphenidate and warfarin (MIMS 2015). Patients Information: Modafinil may cause sedation which may impair performance of skilled task, avoid driving, operation of machinery, or jobs that require to be alert, well-coordinated, or able to think or see well (Dickman, 2010). It is not recommended to the patient with narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea/hyponea syndrome to take a dose later than midday as it acts on neural mechanisms involved in sleep and the onset of sleep which can disrupt regular sleep pattern. For the treatment of shift work sleep disorder, administer dose 1 hour prior to start of work shift (Dana et al., 2012). The use of Modafinil in children and adolescents (<18 years of age) is not recommended. It is not recommended that the …show more content…
Schizophrenia is condition in which patient have abnormalities in attention, memory, verbal processes, impulsivity and executive function. In first episode psychosis (FEP) deficits are present before a formal diagnosis of schizophrenia can be established. Patient with FEP and schizophrenia share deficits in inhibitory control and verbal memory. The purpose of the study is to probe the mechanisms of action of modafinil across cognitive impairment in first episode psychosis. In psychosis cognitive impairments are important factors of functional outcome, which needs to be treated by antipsychotic medication. Previous studies have shown that modafinil improve attention, memory and executive function in the healthy population and in the patients with Schizophrenia. In this study, forty patient with a first episode of psychosis participated. This involved a placebo controlled, followed by a randomized, double-blind, cross-over styled single oral dose of 200mg modafinil. During the first session, half of the participants randomised to receive a single oral dose of a lactose placebo, followed by 200mg modafinil on the second session and the other half of the participants randomised to receive the modafinil, followed by placebo. Statistical repeated-measures analysis model used to measure executive functioning, memory