William Daubert, his wife and two children filed a petition to the Supreme Court of the United States against Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals. The petitioners alleged that birth defects caused in their two children were due to the side effects of a Bendectin, a prescription anti-nausea drug, ingested by the mother during pregnancy. The respondent produced 30 published research papers involving 130,000 patients and a testimony from a credentialed epidemiologist stating that this drug had no links with teratogenicity. The petitioners submitted their own re-analyses reports based on the studies and experiments of other 8 renowned epidemiologists establishing that this drug had shown teratogenicity. Court rejected the admissibility of the re-analyses based on Frye case.…
The case Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. is about two kids, Jason Daubert and Eric Schuller, who were born with a major birth defect. Their parents sued Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals because they thought it was because of the drug Bendectin that they sold them caused the birth defects. Merrell Dow experts submitted documents that shown that there were no previous link between Bendectin and birth defects. The Daubert test is a nonexclusive checklist for trial courts in assessing the reliability of scientific expert testimony.…
In the mid 1900s, sleepless worriers full of post-war anxiety needed an easy way to fall asleep. In rushed the drug market, who could could easily target this anxiety-ridden population, where one out of seven American adults took sleeping pills every night (Fintel, 2009). Thalidomide seemed like an easy, unassuming miracle pill. It was so safe, in fact, that the company targeted pregnant women, saying that there were no effects on the child or the mother. This worldwide drug was sold to numerous countries in Australia, Africa, Europe, and North America (Decarvalho Anderson, 2013), and affected the lives of 10,000 children and their families over a short period of time.…
However, prior to the article I did not contemplate or think about the issue or even its effectiveness. One thing in which I was surprised by was some of the statistics that was mentioned throughout the article. For example, I was unaware that out of all the drugs that pass animal tests, about 94 percent will fail clinical trials for humans. Majority of drugs that pass animal tests are often discarded immediately due to being deemed useless or harmful to humans, which is one of the reasons why activists contemplates that animal testing is useless (Stachura, 2008).…
The thalidomide tragedy was one of the darkest episodes in pharmaceutical history. It was marketed as a mild sleeping drug that was considered safe even for pregnant women and since it reduced morning sickness, it was prescribed to many pregnant woman. However in 1962 it was revealed to have caused thousands of babies worldwide to be born with malformed limbs. During testing the scientists realized it was practically impossible to achieve an LD50 level, or deadly overdose, of the drug and while testing on animals they did not think to test the effects of the drug during pregnancy.…
Imagine having the choice of life or death left in your hands alone. On one end, there is a rat, who is energetically running to find a hiding spot from the broom sweeping across the floor. On the other end, there is a stay-at-home mom, jumped up on the table, violently stabbing at the rat in attempts to scare it away from her. One of them will die. Most people would choose to save the stay-at-home mother with three children and not have a guilty thought cross their mind.…
Any cosmetic or medical companies will tell consumers that their products are the best since it has been tested on animals for safety, but the truth behind animal testing will make buyers think twice about their merchandise. Nowadays, more and more people are teaming up against animal testing. Laboratory testing is done on substances that make up medication and cosmetics, such as perfume, lotion, soap, etc. Animals are used to develop medical treatments, determine the toxicity of medications, and check the safety of products destined for human use. Substances are injected into animal’s bodies to prove that products are harmless to people, and the environment.…
In early nineteen fifty-four, a German pharmaceutical company had began it’s clinical trials on the new revolutionary medicine called Thalidomide. At this time new drugs only needed to be tested on rodents to pass regulatory inspections, but researchers decided to take their studies further. During voluntary human experiments, they found Thalidomide to be incredibly effective at treating morning sickness and insomnia. Although classified as a sedative, Thalidomide soon earned the title of 'wonder drug'. Aggressively advertised as a panacea to all pregnant women and those who suffered from coughs, colds, and headaches, thousands of future mothers purchased this over the counter remedy, convinced that by taking it their first trimester ailments…
Moreover, while the research asserts that medical breakthroughs resulted from animal testing, that does not mean that such breakthroughs would not have occurred through other methods. Just because scientists have used animal testing is no proof of its…
One might wake up one morning experiencing morning sickness. She believes it is a common problem while being pregnant. She goes to get the medication Thalidomide from the medicine cabinet, not thinking anything about it. But what the drug company did not tell you was if you are a pregnant woman and you take the medication Thalidomide, your baby may experience some severe problems.…
Often, companies use animals testing to back up drugs that clearly cause more harm than good, Dr. John Pippin, a cardiologist and consultant has said, “Despite having…
Would you take a drug that would relieve you of pregnancy sickness, even if it meant your baby would have birth defects? I definitely would not! This happened when mothers took Thalidomide. Thalidomide is a sedative drug that was prescribed to pregnant women to help cure their morning sickness. It wasn’t until years later that they realized Thalidomide’s harmful effects.…
But, by buying these products you may be paying for the torture and mutilation of animals. There is a conspiracy going on within the companies to hide the truth behind all these new products and the government has mostly turned their back to the issues. Beginning with a brief history of animal testing.…
Towa pharmaceutical company was founded in 1951, first president, Mr. Yoshida addressed, "We will contribute to people's health and we are dedicated to people’s genuine smile’’. Actually, Towa has dealt with generic drugs since 1965 under Towa’s philosophy as professional manufacturer of generic drugs. Generic drugs have the same efficacy and safety profile with original drugs so that generic drugs can contribute healthcare and society via inexpensive drug usage.…
This has been the motive for an extreme amount of criticism by animal rights and protection activist groups. Activists do not believe in using an innocent animal as a testing tool for new medications, medical research, cures for cancers and other terminal diseases. The civilian’s in favor of animal testing present the argument that experimenting on animals for medical research has proven to be the most effective, less expensive, and statics show the most successful as far as studies go. The activist have succeeded in raising awareness at which have caused researchers to come up with a substitute for animals in drug research, a method called “The Three Rs”. This alternative consist of reduction, refinement, and replacement, this new process will implement less use and harm of animal involved in experiments.…