Inter-examiner’s accuracy in lateral cephalometric analysis
By
Kim, Yorum
University of Pecs
Faculty of Medicine
Dental School Supervisor: Assistant Professor Frank, Dorottya
Pecs, Hungary
2015
Table of Contents
Introduction 2
Development of cephalometry 2
Computerized cephalometric analysis 3
Material and methods 4
Subject of experiment 5
Results 4
Conclusion 4
Appendicies 4
Glossary 4
Bibliography and reference list 4
1. Introduction
Various methods for measuring and analyzing the human skull have brought significant importances to early anthropologists who developed craniometry in which the main idea was to measure cranial features in order to classify humans according to such as race, gender, and intelligence, assuming …show more content…
Due to advanced development in radiographic techinique and introduction of lateral cephalometry, not only the anthropologists take advantage but also orthodontists in dentistry are now able to make proper diagnosis. For example, lateral cephalometry allows for orthodontists to judge primarily whether there is a discrepency of jaws or dentition if required anatomical landmarks are identified and provided. At the same time, orthodontists can evaluate horizontal and vertical relationships of facial structures and compare analyzed numbers to norm values in order to achieve proper treatment plan according to individuals’ diagnosis. Norm values which are classified into racial groups such as American, European, African, or Asian and different ages are taken from measurements of a representative sample of …show more content…
et al, 2011]. Basically, It requires five fundamental cephalometric parameters (SNA, SNB, ML-NSL, NL-NSL, NS-Ba) which approaches to harmonious facial relation [Segner, Hasund, 1991] which is characterized by the inter-relationship of vertical-saggital measurements and cranio-facial variables that are determined by linear regression analysis in well-defined reference groups. In order to accomplish the task, [Segner, 1989] and Segner and Hasund have provided correlational data of five fundamental cephalometric variables (SNA, SNB, ML-NSL, NL-NSL, NS-Ba) derived from 275 untreated young adults with near-ideal dento-facial relations. Based on floating norms and leading variables, the harmonious relations can be read from the 'Segner harmony box' which provides a movable template framed by the tolerance limits [Řeháček A. et al, 2011]. Through the box, an orthodontist reads the diagnosis and judges the direction of the treatment. For the experiment, Bergen analysis was the method that was chosen to analyze the object of the experiment.
2. Materials and
By
Kim, Yorum
University of Pecs
Faculty of Medicine
Dental School Supervisor: Assistant Professor Frank, Dorottya
Pecs, Hungary
2015
Table of Contents
Introduction 2
Development of cephalometry 2
Computerized cephalometric analysis 3
Material and methods 4
Subject of experiment 5
Results 4
Conclusion 4
Appendicies 4
Glossary 4
Bibliography and reference list 4
1. Introduction
Various methods for measuring and analyzing the human skull have brought significant importances to early anthropologists who developed craniometry in which the main idea was to measure cranial features in order to classify humans according to such as race, gender, and intelligence, assuming …show more content…
Due to advanced development in radiographic techinique and introduction of lateral cephalometry, not only the anthropologists take advantage but also orthodontists in dentistry are now able to make proper diagnosis. For example, lateral cephalometry allows for orthodontists to judge primarily whether there is a discrepency of jaws or dentition if required anatomical landmarks are identified and provided. At the same time, orthodontists can evaluate horizontal and vertical relationships of facial structures and compare analyzed numbers to norm values in order to achieve proper treatment plan according to individuals’ diagnosis. Norm values which are classified into racial groups such as American, European, African, or Asian and different ages are taken from measurements of a representative sample of …show more content…
et al, 2011]. Basically, It requires five fundamental cephalometric parameters (SNA, SNB, ML-NSL, NL-NSL, NS-Ba) which approaches to harmonious facial relation [Segner, Hasund, 1991] which is characterized by the inter-relationship of vertical-saggital measurements and cranio-facial variables that are determined by linear regression analysis in well-defined reference groups. In order to accomplish the task, [Segner, 1989] and Segner and Hasund have provided correlational data of five fundamental cephalometric variables (SNA, SNB, ML-NSL, NL-NSL, NS-Ba) derived from 275 untreated young adults with near-ideal dento-facial relations. Based on floating norms and leading variables, the harmonious relations can be read from the 'Segner harmony box' which provides a movable template framed by the tolerance limits [Řeháček A. et al, 2011]. Through the box, an orthodontist reads the diagnosis and judges the direction of the treatment. For the experiment, Bergen analysis was the method that was chosen to analyze the object of the experiment.
2. Materials and