Laparoscope Case Study

Register to read the introduction… Because there is only 1.5 laparoscopes per trained team, the laparoscope is a very valued, but at the same time scarce commodity. The same laparoscope is often re-used in an effort to perform as many sterilizations as possible while there is still adequate light, water, or surgical team presence, and therefore proper instrument sterilization and cleaning procedures are often not followed. Even though there is no known data linking this kind of procedure to an increase in infections or post-operation side effects, it is not unreasonable to conclude that such improper instrument handling can have an effect on the quality of service and care that the patient receives. Even though sterilization is reported to have many disadvantages, it is still the most popular method of birth control in India. Some of the reasons are that it is cheap, there is often an incentive associated with the procedure, and there is only a one-time effort. Why, then, has sterilization not led to a more significant decline in the TFR? According to the report by K. B. Pathak “sterilized women have an average of 4.0 children, compared to 2.6 children for users of modern temporary methods, 2.8 children for users of traditional methods, and 2.7 children for non-users of contraception.” Pathak proposes that this is the case because “only women who are certain they will not want more children in the future are likely” to be sterilized. Pathak concludes “if sterilization is to facilitate further fertility decline, the average number of children born to women at the time of sterilization must decline substantially.”[24] Women only chose to be sterilized after having many children because of the culture and structure of Indian society. India lacks any kind of social security program for senior citizens. Couples must therefore rely on their children to support them in old age. Culturally, it is the norm for a son to take care of his aging parents. Couples are reluctant to stop having children if a boy has not been born into the family. Many couples also wish to have more than boy in order to ensure support in case something happens to one of the boys. [25] Religious opposition is also often cited as a reason. India has the world’s second largest Muslim population-125 million-and many Muslim families are opposed to birth control. The Indian government has recently made some efforts to create a policy that would correct the unsanitary conditions and quality of service in the camps, however it has done little in terms of social security policy to encourage couples to …show more content…
According to a report from the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation “a new intrauterine device will be a “viable option for women who normally experience heavy menstrual bleeding...and cannot wear today’s plastic T-framed IUDS...new copper bands are implanted into the uterus with biodegradable structures, which reduce bleeding and pain associated with...typical IUD.”[39] This new device, if explained properly to patients and inserted in the proper manner, could alleviate the pain associated with IUD use thus reducing “fear of side effects” as one of the reasons for non-use. A vigorous promotion program by the government is absolutely necessary in order to publicize the benefits of IUDs. Sterilization also has side effects; however, through vigorous promotion, education, and emphasis, the Indian government has been able to convince 75% of method users that sterilization is the way to go. If the same efforts were applied to IUD use, a similar …show more content…
January 13, 2000. http://report.kff.org/archive/repro/2000/01/kr000113.6.htm.

17. United Nations. Record Number 00058. Table Title “Couples Effectively Protected in

Major India States by various Methods of Family Planning, 1991.” http://www.un.org.

18. Vesaria, Leela and Pravin. Contraceptive Use and Fertility In India: A case study of Gujarat.

Sage Publications. New Delhi. 1995.

19. Vesaria, Leela and Pravin Visaria. Reproductive Health in Policy & Practice: India. PRB.

September 1998.

20. Zodgekar, Arvind V. “Family Welfare Programme and Population Stabilization Strategies in

India.” Asia-Pacific Population Journal. Volume 11. No.1 1996. P4. http://www.unescap.org/pop/journal/1996/v11n1a1.htm.

Works Used for General Research:

21. Black, John A. “Kerala’s Demographic Transition: Determinants and Consequences.”

British Medical Journal. June 26, 1999. Volume 318. Issue 7200. Start page 1771.

PAResearchII database.

22. Dallas, Sandra and Amy Louise Kazmin. “’Days of Struggle’ for a Condom Maker.”

Business Week. May 25, 1999. Issue 3579. McGraw –Hill Companies,