Language vs Dialect vs Accent
• Language is a collection of dialects that are usually linguistically similar used by different social groups who choose to say that they are speakers of one language which functions to unite & represent them to other groups.
• Dialect deals with vocabulary, grammar, phonology, pronunciation, etc.
• Accent deals with pronunciation and phonology
• Regional variation
1. A variety of a language spoken by a particular group based on region (caused by geographical barriers)
2. British English vs American English vs Australian English
3. Javanese in Central Java vs Javanese in East Java
4. Korean in Seoul vs Korean in Jeju
5. Hakata dialect vs Osaka dialect
• Regional variation can divided into three main points:
1. International varieties include different vocabulary, pronounciation & grammar in region (ex: Australians: sole parents, England: single parents, NZ: solo parents)
2. Intra-national or intra-continental varieties the high level of intra-national communication together with the relatively small populations, may have inhibited the development of marked region differences in these countries. (ex: West of NZ: gravel, East of NZ: sand) 3. Cross continental variation (dialect chains) dialects on the outer edged of the geographical area may not be mutually intelligible, but they will be linked by a chain of mutual intelligibility. At no point is there a complete break (with regard to mutual intelligibility); but the cumulative effect will be such that the greater difficulty in comprehending. Ex: Italian – French Paris Italian border (more & more Italian like) Rome French border (more & more French like) • Social variation is a variation based on social background (edu, job, status, social classes, etc) • Cumbrian dialect is basically thought to be less pretigious in England Northern rural dialect • Person speaks with a regional accent in England most unlikely to belong to the upper class as upper class people would go to private school and learn the standard. …show more content…
• Standard English: RP (Received Pronunciation) (the Queen’s English), (BBC English)
• RP is used by well-educated English speakers worldwide and not bound to certain region
• Non-standard English: LinguIstic forms which are not part of standard English
1. Socially because non-standard forms are associated with the speech of less prestigious social groups, the label (nonstandard) acquired negative connotation.
2. Lingustically there is nothing inferior about the nonstandard forms. They are simply different from the forms which are used by the more socially prestigious speakers. • To avoid that implication the label (non-standard) has, sociolinguists use the term ‘vernacular’ to refer to non-standard forms • Vernacular dialect 1. Lack public or over prestige 2. Generally valued by the users 3. Means of expressing solidarity and affective • Caste dialects Similar socio-economic factors for a group of speakers will determine the employing of a social dialect. Ex: Brahmin vs non-Brahmin castes in India Javanese: 6 distinct stylistic levels in relation to social groups • Social Class Dialects 1. The term ‘social class’ refers to prestige, wealth & education 2. The class division is based on status 3. Status (the respect people give someone, the material resources people command, family background) Gender and Age • Sex and Gender 1. Sex is biologically determined (one is born a male or a female) 2. Gender is socially determined (one chooses to speak either in
• Language is a collection of dialects that are usually linguistically similar used by different social groups who choose to say that they are speakers of one language which functions to unite & represent them to other groups.
• Dialect deals with vocabulary, grammar, phonology, pronunciation, etc.
• Accent deals with pronunciation and phonology
• Regional variation
1. A variety of a language spoken by a particular group based on region (caused by geographical barriers)
2. British English vs American English vs Australian English
3. Javanese in Central Java vs Javanese in East Java
4. Korean in Seoul vs Korean in Jeju
5. Hakata dialect vs Osaka dialect
• Regional variation can divided into three main points:
1. International varieties include different vocabulary, pronounciation & grammar in region (ex: Australians: sole parents, England: single parents, NZ: solo parents)
2. Intra-national or intra-continental varieties the high level of intra-national communication together with the relatively small populations, may have inhibited the development of marked region differences in these countries. (ex: West of NZ: gravel, East of NZ: sand) 3. Cross continental variation (dialect chains) dialects on the outer edged of the geographical area may not be mutually intelligible, but they will be linked by a chain of mutual intelligibility. At no point is there a complete break (with regard to mutual intelligibility); but the cumulative effect will be such that the greater difficulty in comprehending. Ex: Italian – French Paris Italian border (more & more Italian like) Rome French border (more & more French like) • Social variation is a variation based on social background (edu, job, status, social classes, etc) • Cumbrian dialect is basically thought to be less pretigious in England Northern rural dialect • Person speaks with a regional accent in England most unlikely to belong to the upper class as upper class people would go to private school and learn the standard. …show more content…
• Standard English: RP (Received Pronunciation) (the Queen’s English), (BBC English)
• RP is used by well-educated English speakers worldwide and not bound to certain region
• Non-standard English: LinguIstic forms which are not part of standard English
1. Socially because non-standard forms are associated with the speech of less prestigious social groups, the label (nonstandard) acquired negative connotation.
2. Lingustically there is nothing inferior about the nonstandard forms. They are simply different from the forms which are used by the more socially prestigious speakers. • To avoid that implication the label (non-standard) has, sociolinguists use the term ‘vernacular’ to refer to non-standard forms • Vernacular dialect 1. Lack public or over prestige 2. Generally valued by the users 3. Means of expressing solidarity and affective • Caste dialects Similar socio-economic factors for a group of speakers will determine the employing of a social dialect. Ex: Brahmin vs non-Brahmin castes in India Javanese: 6 distinct stylistic levels in relation to social groups • Social Class Dialects 1. The term ‘social class’ refers to prestige, wealth & education 2. The class division is based on status 3. Status (the respect people give someone, the material resources people command, family background) Gender and Age • Sex and Gender 1. Sex is biologically determined (one is born a male or a female) 2. Gender is socially determined (one chooses to speak either in