How To Write A Critical Analysis On Surrogates

Improved Essays
NURS 6303 Health Care Issues and Policy
Critical Analysis #2

Adrieanna D. Cox
March 27, 2017
Arkansas State University

The aim of the article “After the DNR: Surrogates who persist in requesting cardiopulmonary resuscitation” is to examine the roles that physicians play in end of life care along with surrogates who insist that their loved ones receive CPR even if the patient’s treatment team does not see such treatment as beneficial to the patients care. The authors found that although most surrogates will accept a medical decision not to offer CPR, there are some surrogates who will persist in their request for CPR that medical providers consider inappropriate (Robinson et al, 2017). The authors argue that some health
…show more content…
The author found that since the ethics of surrogacy does not support surrogates’ moral authority to withhold palliative measures for patients’ severe and refractory symptoms, surrogate consent cannot be an ethical requirement for palliative sedation (Berger, 2017). The author argues that the issue with administering palliative sedation to terminally ill patients is whether or not surrogates have the right to reject it when it is a treatment of last resort. He describes the problem with a surrogate acting beyond their moral boundaries is when they make decisions for the patient based on their personal interests rather than the best interest of the patient. When a surrogate makes decisions for a patient’s end of life care that only seems to benefit the surrogate, the patient in a sense loses autonomy. This in turn is deemed unethical on the surrogate’s …show more content…
Out of a study of 134 patients, 19 patients ultimately persisted in requesting CPR, even after the recommendation of the treatment team that it would be more harmful than helpful to the patient. The study describes the demographics of these nineteen patients and some data analyzed suggested that the surrogates made decisions for the patients that were actually against the wishes laid out in their advance directives. The second article used a qualitative approach in which the author observed surrogates moral authority in making decisions about palliative sedation. I conclusion, I believe that both of these articles highlight some interesting topics in regards to end of life care. However, the first article provides insight on how surrogates’ decisions during end of life care can greatly affect patients. It gives the reader actual data whereas the second article describes more of the authors opinion on surrogates’ moral

Related Documents

  • Superior Essays

    Death With Dignity: A Commentary Sergej Jagodin Millersville University Medical Aid in Dying: A Commentary The ability to choose when to die is not a topic that is heavily discussed throughout a person’s life. What constitutes dying early and on one’s own terms? Is it moral? Is it right?…

    • 1627 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    A conflict between a physician and patient on the course of treatment is a common topic that arises in bioethical conversation. This case explores the topic of paternalistic choices dealing with patient autonomy and when it is ethically reasonable for a physician to intervene and decide as to whether an individual is competent to make decisions about their own care. The patient in the case, Mr. Howe was asked to make a lifesaving medical decision while in duress and not fully understanding the procedure and the potential outcome if he refused. In this case I believe the physician made the correct decision to intubate Mr. Howe against his explicit instructions not to. The physician made a determination that the patient was not accurately expressing his wishes as if he was of sound mind.…

    • 834 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Eboigbodin 1 Eboigbodin Gregory James Slaughter Christian Morality/ Period 4 AMDG Physician Assisted Suicide Is Physician Assisted Suicide ethically Right or Wrong? The ethical issues of physician-assisted suicide (PAS) are both emotional and debatable as it ranks high with abortion. Some argue that (PAS) is ethically permissible for an ill dying patient who has choosing to escape the intolerable sufferings at the end of life. However, it is the physician’s duty to ease the patient 's suffering, which at times, justifies the idea of providing aids in dying. These arguments rely on respect for individual autonomy, which recognizes the rights of people to choose the regulation and manner…

    • 877 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Advance directives have been widely promoted to benefit patients who are dealing with end-of-life care issues. Stated either as a Living Will or a Durable Power of Attorney or both, advance directives ensure that a patient’s wishes regarding life-sustaining interventions are followed, should they lose the ability to make health care decisions. Since the court cases of Quinlan in 1976 and Cruzan in 1990, in which both patients suffered as a result of “right to die” controversies, Congress passed the Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991 to increase societal awareness of advance directives (Crisp, 2007, p. 181). Furthermore, the Uniform Health Care Decisions Act approved in 1993 aimed to consolidate various state laws regarding adult health care decisions and durable powers of attorney (Appel, 2010, p. 417).…

    • 238 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Ethical principles are not laws, but guiding principles about what is good and what is bad, that should direct doctors and other health care professionals in their work and decision making. Issues arising over end-of-life care involving decisions that affect the nature and timing of an individual's death raise difficult ethical conflicts for all concerned and can be a source of discord between health professionals within a team, health professionals and family members, or between different family members. Ethical dilemmas arise when there is a perceived conflicting duty to the patient, such as a conflict between a duty to preserve life and a duty to act in a patient's best interests, or when an ethical principle such as respect for autonomy conflicts with a duty not to…

    • 3174 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    As Bill C-14 has been legalized in Canada on June 2016, there are still a lot of questions and concerns regarding physician aid in dying (PAD), and whether it is lawful and ethical. Some people debate that only God has the right to terminate a life or that a doctor must abide by his Hippocratic Oath swearing “I will keep [the sick] from harm and injustice. I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody who asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect.” while others argue that a terminal ill patient has the right to a dignified and peaceful death on his/her own terms.…

    • 745 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    If doctors are enabled the decision to terminate a life on behalf of a unconscious patient, they would be then granted a power over society that not only breaches the Hippocratic Oath, but also empowers them to “play God”. This responsibility could then reflect upon society, altering their views and their trust within doctors and medical professionals as they could then be seen as “providers of death” (Cosic, 2003. 25) In addition to this, a doctor’s decision to terminate a life may not rely on the condition and best interests of the patient, but instead of amount of hospital beds and facilities that are…

    • 2101 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The number of patients who were served by hospice has steadily increased over the past several years. (“Facts”) V. AMA Policy on End-of-Life Care (“AMA”) A. Opinion E-2.037 Medical Futility in End-of-Life Care When further intervention to prolong the life of a patient becomes futile, physicians have an obligation to shift the intent of care toward comfort and closure. B. Opinion E-2.035 Futile Care Physicians are not ethically obligated to deliver care that, in their best professional judgment, will not have a reasonable chance of benefiting their patients. VI.…

    • 534 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    However, what if extraordinary medical intervention is attempted and the patient is forced to endure a prolonged life of suffering? Conversely, what if extraordinary medical intervention is not attempted but the decision makers are forced to live questioning if their decision to withhold medical treatment was what killed the patient? These types of doubt are what make end-of-life healthcare decisions such difficult decisions to consider. Because end-of-life healthcare decisions are challenging ethical dilemmas that are affected by many…

    • 1158 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Legalization Of Ppas Essay

    • 1007 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Physician assisted suicide, euthanasia, and withdrawal of life support are the topics of a controversial discussion in the medical field. Many physicians do not believe in PAS because it is against their morals. The patient’s family may also advocate for end of life care, but that is ultimately the patient’s decision. There are now five states that participate in the Death with Dignity act within the United States. Physician assisted suicide is a highly controversial topic since it was first made legal 1997.…

    • 1007 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Physician Assisted Suicide

    • 1111 Words
    • 5 Pages

    From a patient’s perspective that is in suffering, physician-assisted suicide might seem like a god send. The option to be relieved from the pain of a slow death at the cost of immediately ending their life seems grim and pointless, but to the dying, perhaps not. It was found that requests for euthanasia are frequently made by patients to doctors that practice specialties typically revolving around terminal patients. [Meier, D., Emmons, C. A., Wallenstein, S., Quill, T., Morrison, R. S., & Cassel, C. K., 1998]. The reasons patients ask for physicians to take part in ending their life are usually if they are in extreme pain, are a burden upon family members or caregivers, or have no personal dignity left.…

    • 1111 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Since Oregon passed its “death with dignity” law in 1997, four more states have followed suit in giving patients diagnosed with terminal illness the “right” to a hastened death. On the other hand, several states, including California, have proposed but failed to de-illegalize it. This issue has proven to be very controversial--- igniting decades of heated debates, dividing legislators, organizations, and families between “pro-life” and “pro-death,” and shaking the very foundations of the practice of medicine. However, amidst the burgeoning bandwagon effect and the plethora of arguments for the said “right,” I find that it needs to be repealed on these grounds: it threatens and abuses the vulnerable, and casts aspersions on physician integrity.…

    • 1081 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    Contrarily, in PAD, the patient him or herself is the instigator of death (2007, p. 127). In the discussion of physician-assisted death, the nurse’s position varies significantly from the physician. As patient advocates, nurses assist in patient’s decisions relative to their end-of-life care. This paper aims to develop an understanding of patient-assisted death and its implications to the nursing profession. Additionally, it will tackle the current Canadian laws, ethical considerations, and the role of the nurse…

    • 1312 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The three questions asked were unique named A, B, and C. The questions were, Is there a Legal Right to Die?, Should the government be involve in patients’ End-of-life Decision –making?, and In the Absence of an Advance Directive, who makes Decisions for incapacitated patients?. Among the 9 subjects, in the status of Hospital administrator group interview conducted with one of the On Duty Administrator and Physician, a spiritual leader, a healthcare colleague, and other five of them were…

    • 832 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The dilemma of surrogacy, specifically custody rights, is resolvable under most state laws; however, judges often consider ethical theories in court case discussions surrounding the topic. Nearly any ethical theory could be applied to the question of surrogacy, yet it mainly encompasses three specific ones. Cultural Relativism, Kantianism, and the Justice Theory are all ethical ways of thinking that must be expressed to fully comprehend and debate the concerns of surrogacy use. Along with three theories, the ethical dilemma of surrogacy encompasses three paradigms.…

    • 1370 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays