When an individual does drugs, I learned that our brain does not work correctly together. Our brain interprets the drugs that an individual ingests as pleasurable, so dopamine is released. This makes the human brain assume that drugs are needed for survival. Drugs change the chemistry of the brain and change what our brains perceives as our basic hierarchy of needs. After one becomes addicted to drugs their primary survival priority is drugs, followed by what non- addicted brains consider priorities, food, sex and…
Specifically, the reason humans become addicted to a certain drug is because the drug tricks the brain into releasing pleasurable and rewarding chemicals which intrinsically reinforce the person into consuming it again and again. The moment one associates the drug use with these positive feelings, the behavior is learned. Based on the law of effect “behaviors leading to a satisfying state of affairs are strengthened” (Powel & Honey & Symbaluk,, 2013, p. 215), therefore the positive reinforcement that comes after using a drug determines that this behavior will be repeated again. This cyclical pattern of drug use and positive reinforcement is clearly seen in Mark Lewis 's behavior throughout his life as an addict, described in his novel. Lewis himself has stated in an…
As some people develop addictions to drugs, and not others, it’s interesting to think about why. Robinson and Berridge go into many complex neurological explanations for this issue, mainly involving animals, but that can, however, carry over into humans. Why certain people can start taking an addictive drug and stop when they so choose, and why others cannot, is interesting to think about. As no two people are the same, there’s obviously not a single, distinctive way to determine a definite cause. It is interesting that both negative and positive reinforcement had been considered as possible descriptions for drug addictions, as they would appear to be opposites.…
arc Lewis, a developed neuroscientist, was once an addict himself. At certain points in his life he had addictions to cough medicine, alcohol, marijuana, methamphetamine, LSD, heroin, nitrous oxide, and forms of opium, so with good reason, the topic of addiction, its definition, and its causes are very personal and dear to his heart. Lewis’s biggest point he wanted to share during his talk was that addiction is not a disease, not a person with wrongful morals, and not a dichotomy. In the rest of his speech, Lewis shares his reasoning for his claim, comparing his work with the work and speeches of the other Nobel Conference speakers, in attempt to shed light on the many differences and similarities of their works. Addiction is not a disease.…
Autobiography: Chemical substances and how they affect our brains have always fascinated me. Fortunately, I haven’t been curious enough to find out for myself firsthand, despite the struggles I’ve experienced throughout my life. I grew up in an authoritarian household with a neglectful father. My parents had a very codependent marriage, which I later adapted to my own relationships later in life. I’ve always had a lot of anxiety and depression as a child.…
In “From Brain Gain: The Underground World of ‘Neuroenhancing’ Drugs,” Margaret Talbot speaks to the extent students will go in today’s schools to succeed in spite of their overscheduled lives. Talbot used an extended example of a college student who takes off-label Adderall to come to her conclusion that there is no valid point in banning the use of neuroenhancers because, “too many people are already taking them, and the users tend to… proceed with just enough caution to avoid getting into trouble” (par. 24). Authors of the academic article “Addicted to Adderall” recognize the same abundance of Adderall in colleges as Talbot. They claim Adderall as the most common drug among college students. When it comes to the dangers of off-label drug…
Dopamine is the main reward pathway as well as being a hormone it’s the main factor that impacts an individuals feeling of pleasure. However, when taking a drug this can work in place of the chemical neurotransmitter, therefore interfering with the balance of this chemical to make it imbalanced and therefore disrupting behavior of the typical neural communication. An example of this is the use of conventional antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia, these bind to dopamine receptors but don’t actually stimulate them and consequently because of this these are known as antagonists, this therefore has the effect that it reduces stimulation of dopamine particularly in D2 receptors; doing this reduces the amount of dopamine transmitted to the postsynaptic neuron decreasing and by doing this it therefore stops the brain receiving this excess of dopamine delaying the effects which is thought to cause schizophrenia when there is an excess eliminating the symptoms (Wiley & Sons,…
Every year, a huge amount of money is used to pay for treatments, or even worse, to buy drugs. That’s why many scientists have conducted experiments and research in order to understand more about drug addiction, its causes, and how to get rid of it. Lauren Slater, in the chapter “Rat Park,” writes about some experiments made since the 1960s about drug addiction and the causes that lead to it. In these research studies, some argue that drug addiction is caused by the brain, others that drugs are inherently addictive.…
Drug laws must be reformed to be more lenient on users, and more geared towards rehabilitation for drug addicts than towards punishment. To discuss whether mind altering substances…
Therefore, additional training regarding the brain’s chemistry, counseling, and proper treatment would help solve prescription medication misuse, and prevent addiction – making taking opioids…
Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant that directly affects the brain and the central nervous system. Many users are unaware of the psychological effects that cocaine has on the brain. The user is mainly worried about using the drug and getting “high” and not the effects that the drug has on their body and brain. Cocaine is a psychoactive drug affecting the central nervous system. Cocaine eats away chunks of the brain and increases blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature, often for the rest of the user’s life.…
Advances in neuroscience today prove the physiological changes that happen when a brain is addicted to drugs. -This is why addicts can not make the right choice and usually can not quit even when the threat of incarceration, loosing a job, or even loosing family is apparent. VII. Conclusion – In conclusion the choice to start taking drugs is left up to the person at hand.…
Drug use and abuse has been a major concern to the society for a long a time. There are myths and facts about drug abuse. Many people have been having misconception on the truth about drug abuse. This has led to many people, both old and young, to continue abusing drugs and substances. With drug abuse becoming more common in our society, many scholars have been trying to explain reasons that make people, especially young people abuse drugs.…
Cocaine as with many of illicit drugs, can be backed a theory regarding why users experiment leading to use, abuse, and may become addicted. My theory behind drug usage, in this case, cocaine, is backed behind the classical theory biological instinct – that being a psychological theory of reinforcement. It is important to understand what is meant by reinforcement theory – which can be split into two categories. The first, being positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement “occurs when the individual receives a pleasurable sensation and, because of this, is motivated to repeat what caused it” (147, Theories of Drug use).…
One important problem that has been rapidly increasing among our society today is drug addiction. The earlier in an individual’s life that drug abuse begins, the more likely they will be to become addicted. Substance use in teens and young adults turns into a pattern of unsafe behaviors, including; unsafe sex, driving under the influence, etc. Taking drugs lessens the feeling of distress and most people abuse. Drug addiction can set back the user from achieving their goals, it’s important to make wise decisions to have a successful future.…