In this diagram, the temperature and spectral class of the star (on the x-axis), depending on the spectral characteristics of it, are plotted against the absolute magnitude (on the y-axis) $(cf.\cite{basu2003introduction}, p.84)$.
The diagram can be divided into eight different regions with different luminosity classes in the Morgen-Keenan system, which are
The process of star formation can be illustrated in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and can be divided in different stages of formation. These stages are collapse, fragmentation and the First Hydrostatic Core, protostar, pre-main sequence star and main sequence