Hydroquinone Synthesis

Improved Essays
The GCMS analysis showed the metabolites could be definitely identified as concern compound by comparisons with known authentic compound. The m+ ion is found at m/z94 for phenol. The molecular weight of the phenol is 94. The base peak value of phenol was observed as 94 and mass peak values were recorded as 66, 39, and 55. The m+ ion for acetophenone is m/z 120. The molecular weight of the compound was observed as 120, the base peak and mass peak values were recorded as 105 and 91, 77, 51, 39, and 27 respectively. The hydroquinone was identified at m/z 110. The molecular weight of the compound hydroquinone was observed as 110. The base peak and mass peak values of hydroquinone were recorded as 110 and 110, 81, 69, 63, 55, 51, 53, 39, 27, and …show more content…
The other systems of metabolic pathway II is 4-hydroxy - isopropenyl benzene acted as precursors for the forming of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Pathway III is the original carbon -carbon cleavage on bisphenol accompanied by oxidation causes the forming of hydroquinone (Fig 4). The similar kind of degradation pathway by bacterial isolates were reported (Zhang et al., 2007 and Janett Fischer et al., 2010). The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAb1) mineralize BPA in substitute pathway, similar kind of substitute pathway in the bacterium, Cupriavidus basilensis JF1 was reported (Taeko Hirano Honoda, 2000; Zhang et al., 2007 & Janett Fischer et al., 2010). In the end of degradation activity, all the metabolites undergone mineralization process and turned into simpler substances by the influence of microflora. Similar kind of results were reported by many researchers (Miho Sasaki et al., 2005; Kolvenbach et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2007; Amar A Telke et al., 2009 & Janett Fischer et al., 2010).The similar kinds of observations was made by many researchers (Lobos et al., 1992; Janett Fischer et al., 2010 and Dimpal Jyoti Mahanta et al.,

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Nt1310 Unit 4 Lab 4

    • 367 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The first objective of Lab 4 is to use structure activity relationships to predict the properties of an acid and the potency of hallucinogenic compounds. The overall goal of the laboratory is to examine quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) in a system that is either chemical or biochemical. The lab is divided into two parts; predicting the acidity of an organic acid, and predicting the hallucinogenicity of derivatives of mescaline. The materials of this lab for both part 1 and part 2 are small training sets, which are groups of similar chemicals with known biological activity, a computer to graph the data that is recorded in the tables, the internet resource MiLogP to generate LogP data, and computational programs that will…

    • 367 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    5-Iodosalicylamide

    • 284 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Infrared spectroscopy revealed three peaks at frequencies ~1650 cm-1, 3196-3333 cm-1, and 3439 cm-1. Those peaks indicate the presence of an amide, amine, and an alcohol, respectively.…

    • 284 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Esterification Lab

    • 596 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Identifying Unknown Esters Produced by Fischer Esterification Introduction This procedure was performed in order to prepare an ester using an unknown alcohol and unknown acid via Fischer Esterification. Then to identify this unknown ester using gas chromatography. Esters are a derivative of carboxylic acids.…

    • 596 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Unknown Compounds

    • 695 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Once the solubility tests were finished, this provided numerical evidence that aided in determining the identification of the compound. From these three weeks of investigation, the group…

    • 695 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In this lab, benzoic acid, benzocaine, and 9-fulorenone are isolated from a three-component mixture by using the acid-base extraction and other following types of various extraction techniques. An acid-base reaction is utilized in order to isolate the individual species from the mixture. First, in isolating the base benzocaine, proton transfers occurred via reaction with hydrochloric acid, which led to a significant shift in the polarity of the said compound, although the conjugate acid of benzocaine formed as a result. Due to the change in polarity, the state of benzocaine shifted from being solubilized in diethyl ether to water.…

    • 542 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The 1H NMR data strongly suggests that 3-pentanol was produced. On the 1H NMR, there are a total of 12H, which is the correct number of protons on 3-pentanol. Around 3.45ppm, there is a multiplet with an integration of 1. This peak corresponds to the methine proton on the carbon bearing the alcohol. The integration of 1 is correct since there is only one proton on that carbon.…

    • 644 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Dichromate To Isoborneol

    • 892 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The goal of experiment four was to use sodium dichromate to oxidize borneol to camphor. The camphor was purified using sublimation, then reduced to isomeric alcohol isoborneol with sodium borohydride. 1H NMR was used to determine the ratio of borneol to isoborneol in the final product. The experiment was carried out by using sodium dichromate to oxidize a borneol solution. Once the reaction was complete the mixture was separated using extraction techniques, dried, and ether was removed via the rotovap.…

    • 892 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Effects of an Enzyme, Catechol Oxidase, on the Conversion of Four Different Substrates to Pr oduce Benzoquinone. Amir Akhras Lab partners: Monica Elabed, Andres Velazquez, and Roland Rencz Biology 201 Instructor: Dr. Kara Nuss October 28, 2014 ABSTRACT Enzymes are catalysts that speed the reaction of substrates to produce products. They achieve this by lowering the energy of activation (EA) but they do not change the nature of the reaction. The objective of this experiment was to test which of the four substrates will produce benzoquinone based on their molecular formula and absorb the most light.…

    • 1905 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    Unknown Compounds

    • 1844 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Discussion of Results: This experiment consists of three different parts. The main goal of the experiment is to identify the unknown compound the lab group was given. Along with this, the group is to discover the compounds many physical or chemical properties. Lastly, the group is supposed to create and preform two syntheses of the compound and see how they compare and contrast in different areas like costs effectiveness, safety, and potential yield of the compound. Through all of these different goals, the underlying key goal is to learn more about this unknown compound through the group’s own research and experiments.…

    • 1844 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The amine was initially classified as 4’-aminoacetophenone from the melting point. An experimental melting point of 101.4-104.8 C was determined for the amine component and was closer to 103-107 C melting point for 4’-aminoacetophenone provided in the Lab Guide. This melting point determination was also very close to the 3’-aminoacetophenone melting point range (94-98 C), therefore a 1H NMR was taken as well to confirm the components classification. From the NMR it was determined that the compound was 4’-aminoacetophenone since only a para substituted aromatic ring could produce two doublets, as is shown on the 1H NMR. 3’-aminoacetophenone would have projected a singlet, two doublets, and a triplet for the aromatic region which was not present in the 1H NMR.…

    • 1031 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    The figure also showed that the profiles have almost the same trends in their removal for both catechol and p-benzoquinone. The removal has increased up to 1.33% and 3.62% for catechol and p-benzoquinone, respectively, for the first 15 min. However, as it was prolonged to 30 and 45 min, the catechol removal was gradually increased up to 1.37% and 1.76%, respectively. The completed reaction decreased at 1.52% removal when t = 60 min. Although p-benzoquinone has better removal than catechol but its removal fluctuated which was 3.44%, 3.49% and 3.26% for the reaction period of 30, 45 and 60 min, respectively.…

    • 130 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Isoborneol Reduction

    • 766 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The goal of this experiment was to reduce Camphor into Borneol and Isoborneol using Sodium Borohydride. In this reaction, Isoborneol was the major product while Borneol was the minor product. This is a reduction reaction, where the ketone on the Camphor is reduced to form two products with secondary alcohols. First, 0.25 grams of Camphor was obtained and added to a 50ml flask and mixed with 1.5 ml of methanol.…

    • 766 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Nectriafurone, a naturally occurring isofuranonaphthoquinone was isolated in 1983 from the fungus nectria haematococca.30 Fungi have been treated as the richest source of this class of natural products. Pestacin, the first member of phthalan natural products was isolated as a racemic mixture from the microorganism pestalotiopsis microspora, contains dihydrofuran nucleus as the key structure.31Halenaquinone (Figure 1.8), an antibiotic having furan-fused pentacyclic skeleton, has been found in a tropical marine sponge of Xestospongia exigua collected in western caroline islands 32 and its sodium salt showed interesting antiviral activities. The furanoditerpenes, spongiadiol (Figure 1.8) isolated from the deep water Carribbean sponge, Spongia…

    • 115 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Synthesis Of Aspirin

    • 746 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Medicine has evolved greatly, especially in terms of drugs, but one of the basics is aspirin, also referred to as acetylsalicylic acid. There are many different reactions that can be conducted in order to synthesize aspirin. One way being the Fischer esterification, which is a reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid within the presence of a catalyst, synthesizing an ester (Weldegirma, 2014). The catalyst has to be something that will provide the addition of a proton, such as a Lewis acid, in order to provide a more reactive electrophile and speed up the reaction (Fischer Esterification Fischer-Speier Esterification, 2015). Some possibilities for the catalyst are sulfuric acid, tosic acid, and phosphoric acid (James, 2014).…

    • 746 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Benzocaine was synthesized from p-toluidine in a four step synthesis. Each intermediate product, including N-acetyl-p-toluidine, p-acetamidobenzoic acid, and p-aminobenzoic acid, was checked for yield, presence, and purity through weighing, taking IR and NMR spectrums, and determining the melting point. Thin Layer Chromatography was used to ensure the completion of the final reaction from p-aminobenzoic acid to benzocaine. The yield of the first step from p-toluidine to N-acetyl-p-toluidine was 91.9%. The yield of the second step from N-acetyl-p-toluidine to p-acetamidobenzoic acid was 49.85% The yield of the third step from p-acetamidobenzoic acid to p-aminobenzoic acid was 32.49%, which was not enough to continue so some product was borrowed…

    • 878 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays