First, the …show more content…
The characteristics of these neighborhoods are usually destructive due to the surrounding population. Children and young adults who experience traumatizing events such as getting arrested, shooting, drug use, family disorder, or a whole host of potentially poisoning occasions. Mental health indicators suggest that children, in particular, are paying a price of living in dangerous surroundings (Wandersman 651). Studies of noise, for example, have consistently found that environmental stressors are significantly related to cognitive performance, and social behavior (Wandersman 651). Second, the adult population has its own set of psychological complications. Adults suffer from own-race bias (ORB). Many other factors affect this population such as stress. The effects of stress can range due to external environmental factors. Adults who grew up in lower-class communities such as ghettos are at a higher risk to have psychological problems such as social isolation. To illustrate, the ORB effect was that individuals with less prejudiced racial attitudes would be more motivated to differentiate other- race members (Meissner 7). Scientists have researched that due to ORB, many often associate with their own race more likely that other races. Often concluded, ORB might be formed due to prejudice. This may be why certain groups of the population only converse with …show more content…
The main effect model describes several pathways through which participation in social can affect psychological well-being (Taylor 459). This model is used for traditional occurrences that affect mental health. Integration in these processes has detrimental effects which are anxiety, increased stress, unemployment, or other adverse health effects. In contrast to the main effect model, the stress-buffering model social support is hypothesized to prevent or modulate responses to stressful events that are damaging to health (Taylor 460).
As an illustration, the effects of social ties on mental health differ by gender (Taylor 461). The cost and benefits of social ties vary due to other factors. Also, social networks and support also affect mental health which varies by socioeconomic position (Taylor 462). Thus, emotional support during childhood from parents or caregivers has been shown to influence the risk of subsequent depression (Kawachi 461). Some researchers have argued that a high level of fear of crime may itself be considered a mental health outcome because of its effect on residents’ behavior (Wandersman