Assignment 3.05 DNA DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, is the stuff in humans and almost all other organisms. About every cell in you and everyone else's body has the same DNA. DNA is usually located in the cell nucleus (nuclear DNA),however small amounts of DNA can be found in the mitochondria (mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). The DNA has information stored as a code created by four chemical bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Each base is connected to a sugar molecule and phosphate molecule.…
Berg’s gene-splicing experiment resulted in the first man-made recombinant DNA (rDNA); as such molecules came to be called. The award ceremony for Berg’s 1980 Nobel Prize in chemistry, shared with Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger. The significance of this discovery that it layed the ground work for every discovery to come after this one happened because of this first landmark achievement, but the groups second achievement on the back bone of this one did not come emidiatly largely because of the self imposed waiting time that the group placed on themselves knowing full well the risks of public backlash at their discovery which is why the group did not go ahead and put recombinant DNA into a living cell rite away until they went and got ethical clearance from Stanford university which they did need but got away way. This gesture is significant not because of its contribution to science itself but rather it is one the finest examples of self regulation in science or scientific history. The next step in recombinant dna development was the insertion of and recombinant dna strand…
They used radioactive tracers to mark DNA core and the protein coat of a bacterial virus. When the placed material into the blender, they recorded that the blender detached DNA and protein. The DNA entered the bacteria at the time of the infection and that replicated the virus. This proved Martha and Alfred’s theory was correct. Martha Chase won a Nobel Prize in Physiology and medicine in 1969.…
This balanced account of a controversial episode in the history of science offers evidence that Franklin was close to drawing the same conclusion about the structure of DNA that Watson and Crick rushed into print. This section also accessibly explains the molecular biology of her day and the painstaking physical and intellectual intricacies of making and interpreting x-rays of crystalline molecules. The third section reminds us that Franklin had a very productive, though short career after leaving DNA to others. She directed research programs for the study of plant viruses, and she investigated the polio virus shortly before she died.…
I feel better informed to answer the question of whether I would want to obtain my DNA profile after researching this subject more thoroughly. With the little I knew before researching this subject I would be inclined to say that I would want my DNA profile especially now that the market prices for these services seems to be decreasing since first made available to the public. I am also going to go out on a limb here and say that it is probably pretty accurate to assume that the average person also lacks understanding of all the intricacies that go along with having their DNA profile data made known. Sure it is nice to have this type of information in order to learn what common diseases and conditions we are vulnerable too such as those in particular that tend to go undiagnosed for a while yet can reap so much damage if not diagnosed early on. The three most common that come to mind are Diabetes, High Blood Pressure and Cancer.…
James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins all played a pivotal role in determining the structure of the DNA molecule. The orderly and methodical work at King’s college, London by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins provided a more experimental approach, working closely with X-ray diffraction images of DNA, this was juxtaposed to Watson and Cricks who at their Cambridge lab approached research by building physical models, narrowing down possibilities and producing ever so accurate pictures of the molecule. It was the culmination of the effort of these four scientists that resulted in the identification of the structure of DNA. Controversially it has been publicised that they did not all work together cooperatively…
The aim of this essay is to discuss how DNA can be extracted and analysed from biological samples. Dr Edmond Locard was a pioneer within the field or forensic science and was the person who coined the principle that “Every contact leaves a trace”; now known as Locard’s exchange principle. This tells us that the perpetrator of a crime doesn’t just yield traces of said crime, but also leaves elements of himself behind; linking their presence to the crime scene (Jackson and Jackson 2004). This is the reasoning behind why everything in an investigation, starts at the crime scene. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, “is the blueprint of life and contains all the genetic material of a cell”, (Bertino 2008, p.160).…
human genome contains approximately three billion base pairs of DNA. Within this, there are between 30,000 and 70,000 genes, which together add up to less than 5 percent of the entire genome. Most of the rest is made up of several types of noncoding repeatitive elements. The relative percentage of non repetitive DNAin bacteria is 100% and decreases in the higher developed eucaryotes,70% in Drosophila and 55% in animals and 33% in plants. Most gene sequences are unique, found only once in the genome.…
DNA Markers used in Forensics DNA sequence, whose location is known on a chromosome, which can be used to identify individuals or species is known as a DNA marker. The DNA markers are extensively used in forensics to find out the criminals accurately. Various technologies have been used involving DNA markers in forensics. The technologies used are as follows:- MLP AND SLP TECHNOLOGY In 1985 when Professor Alec Jeffreys discovered that tandemly repeated sequences of nucleotides found in ‘minisatellites’ within the non-coding regions of the DNA could be exploited to determine individuality, DNA analysis came to the fore.…
The history of DNA is a very fascinating story for you to know about, and also knowing all of the scientist that helped discover the role and the structure of DNA. Some of the main scientists that helped find all the mysteries of DNA are: Griffith, Avery, Hershey/Chase, Chargaff, Franklin, and Watson/Crick. Whenever someone says DNA all you think about is that it's what holds all of your characteristics and it’s what makes you a unique person. Today you are going to expand your understanding of DNA. First thing first, is the overview of scientific discovery which are things like: the Scientific Process, collaborative, self-corrective, and incremental.…
When analyzing my DNA sequence I did not yield as much of a high quality sequences as others this may have been due to the fact of poor pipetting into the well or kit manufacturing issues. In order to find the changes that occurred in our DNA our reverse edited sequence was placed into James Licks mtHAP engine found at http://dna.jameslick.com/mthap/. Another search engine found on http://www.mitomap.org/foswiki/bin/view/MITOMASTER/WebHome was used to verify if the previous engine was correct, which it was. These changes on both search engines showed point mutations at T16209C C16223T C16292T T16311C base pairs. The specific changes in my DNA loci made it feasible to identify my best-fit haplogroup, which was L3f1b (C16292T). This was determined…
DNA is one of the protein which is located in the animal cell. DNA is located in three different structures within eukaryotic cells. Nuclear DNA is located in the nucleus. Then, mitochondrial DNA is located in mitochondria, and; chloroplast DNA is located in the chloroplast of eukaryotic photosynthetic cells. The greatest amount of DNA is located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.…
The Structure of DNA Somewhere in someone’s brain a curiosity is born that starts a wanting to find an answer. Not everybody gets these feelings to act upon their feelings of wanting to find out an answer, but for some people it does. An Austrian monk, Greg Mendel was a for-father of finding “basic patterns of inheritance.”…
With DNA sequencing, you can send a sample of your DNA in to a lab to have it sequenced. Basically, this means that someone will thoroughly examine and look into your DNA. This can be beneficial for a few reasons; these are some of the top benefits of DNA sequencing. 1. Find Out More About Who You Are…
Ethics and science have always been two areas that people have never seemed to be able to agree. The dawn of the 21st century also brought along a span of scientific innovations. Part of these innovations was the understanding of how DNA works and can be utilized for specific purposes. In one article, DNA is comprised of four letters which each represent a certain chemical. These chemicals include thymine, cytosine, adenine, and guanine.…