The periodic table of elements contains about 118 elements, and there are also many trends in the periodic table, such as ionization energy, electronegativity, and many other trends. When Dmitri Mendeleev created the periodic table, not all of the elements were present. It took many other scientists to discover the other elements. Mendeleev started to notice the patterns in the properties and atomic weights of halogens, alkali metals, and alkaline metals. He created a card for each of the 63 known elements at that time that contained its element symbol, atomic weight and its characteristic chemical and physical properties ("Periodic Table,"). In this research paper, the element iodine will be discussed along with its history, discovery, uses in the medical field, and other trends.
Iodine was discovered by a French chemist named Bernard Courtois in 1811. While running experiments on seaweed he stepped on iodine. Bernard Courtois was a French chemist born in Dijon, France on February 8, 1777, in a house just across the street from the famous old Dijon Academy. Even though he discovered the element, he lacked the resources to identify it as a new element. He died on September 27, 1838, Paris, France ("Discovery of Iodine by Bernard Courtois,"). Gay-Lussac was a French chemist who identified it as a new element and suggested the name ("Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac | Chemical Heritage Foundation,"). He was born on December 6, 1778 in Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat, France. In the 1800s, Bernard Courtois mass-produced saltpeter (KNO3 potassium nitrate) and used seaweed ash as his source of potassium. Then one day in 1811, when he added sulfuric acid, he saw purple flames, which condensed to form crystals with metallic luster. Courtois thought it was the new element. To be sure, he gave some to Charles-Bernard Desormes and to Nicholas Clément who carried out the same experiment and confirmed that it was the new element. In November 1813, they exhibited iodine at the Imperial Institute in Paris. It was proved by Gay-Lussac and confirmed by Humphry Davy. When Davy sent a report to the Royal Institution in London, it was mistakenly presumed that he was the discoverer ("Iodine - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table,"). There were then rivalries between Gay-Lussac and Davy. It began over the iodine experiments that Davy carried out during the visit to Paris in November 1813, when France was at war with Britain. Even though Davy is given the credit for the discovery, almost all of his work was hurried and incomplete, whereas Gay-Lussac showed a much more complete study of iodine to the National Institute on August 1,1814 ("Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac | French scientist | Britannica.com,"). Iodine got this name from the Greek word “iodes” which means “violet.” Iodine is the fourth element in the seventeenth column of the periodic table. …show more content…
It is a halogen and a non-metal. The atomic number of iodine is 53. It has 53 electrons and 53 protons with its 7 valence electrons in the outer shell. The atomic weight is approximately 126.904 amu. The phase at room temperature is solid. Its density is 4.933 grams per cubic cm. Iodine has two sets of melting points and boiling points both in Celsius and Fahrenheit. The melting points are 113.7°C, or236.66°F. The boiling points are 184.3°C, or 363.7°F ("Chemistry for Kids: Elements - Iodine,"). Iodine is rare however, it is found both in the Earth’s crust and in the ocean. There is a higher concentration of iodine in the ocean than the Earth’s crust. Seaweed has a higher concentration of iodine it is also found in the underground brines near oil and natural gas reserves ("Chemistry for Kids: Elements - Iodine,"). Iodine under standard conditions is a dark blue-black solid. As it sublimates from solid to a gas it has a purple vapor. Sublimation is the process in which molecules go directly from the solid into the vapor phase (BOOK). It is an active element however, it is less active than the other halogens above it in the periodic table such as bromine, chlorine, and fluorine. It can form many compounds with many other elements. Most common compounds are formed with sodium and potassium. Handling pure iodine can cause the skin to burn and cause damage to the eyes ("Chemistry for Kids: Elements - Iodine,"). Iodine
Iodine was discovered by a French chemist named Bernard Courtois in 1811. While running experiments on seaweed he stepped on iodine. Bernard Courtois was a French chemist born in Dijon, France on February 8, 1777, in a house just across the street from the famous old Dijon Academy. Even though he discovered the element, he lacked the resources to identify it as a new element. He died on September 27, 1838, Paris, France ("Discovery of Iodine by Bernard Courtois,"). Gay-Lussac was a French chemist who identified it as a new element and suggested the name ("Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac | Chemical Heritage Foundation,"). He was born on December 6, 1778 in Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat, France. In the 1800s, Bernard Courtois mass-produced saltpeter (KNO3 potassium nitrate) and used seaweed ash as his source of potassium. Then one day in 1811, when he added sulfuric acid, he saw purple flames, which condensed to form crystals with metallic luster. Courtois thought it was the new element. To be sure, he gave some to Charles-Bernard Desormes and to Nicholas Clément who carried out the same experiment and confirmed that it was the new element. In November 1813, they exhibited iodine at the Imperial Institute in Paris. It was proved by Gay-Lussac and confirmed by Humphry Davy. When Davy sent a report to the Royal Institution in London, it was mistakenly presumed that he was the discoverer ("Iodine - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table,"). There were then rivalries between Gay-Lussac and Davy. It began over the iodine experiments that Davy carried out during the visit to Paris in November 1813, when France was at war with Britain. Even though Davy is given the credit for the discovery, almost all of his work was hurried and incomplete, whereas Gay-Lussac showed a much more complete study of iodine to the National Institute on August 1,1814 ("Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac | French scientist | Britannica.com,"). Iodine got this name from the Greek word “iodes” which means “violet.” Iodine is the fourth element in the seventeenth column of the periodic table. …show more content…
It is a halogen and a non-metal. The atomic number of iodine is 53. It has 53 electrons and 53 protons with its 7 valence electrons in the outer shell. The atomic weight is approximately 126.904 amu. The phase at room temperature is solid. Its density is 4.933 grams per cubic cm. Iodine has two sets of melting points and boiling points both in Celsius and Fahrenheit. The melting points are 113.7°C, or236.66°F. The boiling points are 184.3°C, or 363.7°F ("Chemistry for Kids: Elements - Iodine,"). Iodine is rare however, it is found both in the Earth’s crust and in the ocean. There is a higher concentration of iodine in the ocean than the Earth’s crust. Seaweed has a higher concentration of iodine it is also found in the underground brines near oil and natural gas reserves ("Chemistry for Kids: Elements - Iodine,"). Iodine under standard conditions is a dark blue-black solid. As it sublimates from solid to a gas it has a purple vapor. Sublimation is the process in which molecules go directly from the solid into the vapor phase (BOOK). It is an active element however, it is less active than the other halogens above it in the periodic table such as bromine, chlorine, and fluorine. It can form many compounds with many other elements. Most common compounds are formed with sodium and potassium. Handling pure iodine can cause the skin to burn and cause damage to the eyes ("Chemistry for Kids: Elements - Iodine,"). Iodine