Diclofenac has been used (as the sodium salt) for topical treatment of AK since the
1990s (Rivers and McLean, 1997). The rationale for the use of this non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is the over expression of the cycloxygenase-2 enzyme in AK and SCC compared with normal cells (Buckman et al., 1998). In studies with SCC cell cultures, the commercial preparation,
Solaraze™, when diluted to 0.2-0.3% was observed to promote apoptosis in certain sensitive cell lines (Fecker et al. 2010). Although sodium hyaluronate is included in the commercial gel formulation (Solaraze®), the precise function of this component remains unclear (Table 2).
Systemic absorption of diclofenac from Solaraze™ has been reported but comparator studies with other diclofenac …show more content…
Skin disposition and systemic absorption of diclofenac following application of Solaraze™ to AK lesions does not appear to have been investigated. However, given the long treatment times (Table 2), it may be beneficial to explore other strategies for the topical delivery of diclofenac to AK. Goh and Lane (2014) have recently reviewed the skin penetration characteristics of diclofenac and its salts, as well as the diverse formulation approaches investigated for topical delivery of the molecule in other therapeutic applications. The various methods explored to promote enhanced permeation of diclofenac include prodrugs, novel salt forms, supersaturation, use of skin penetration enhancers, microemulsions, lipid vesicles (including liposomes,
Transferosomes™, lipid bicelles), solid lipid nanoparticles, liquid crystalline mesophases, cyclodextrins, nanosuspensions, films, patches, iontophoresis, laser microporation, ultrasound. For the chemical permeation strategies explored infinite doses of test formulations have largely been explored rather than finite doses thus there is considerable scope for further investigation with these methods. Microneedle (MN) mediated delivery of NSAIDs has recently been reported
1990s (Rivers and McLean, 1997). The rationale for the use of this non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is the over expression of the cycloxygenase-2 enzyme in AK and SCC compared with normal cells (Buckman et al., 1998). In studies with SCC cell cultures, the commercial preparation,
Solaraze™, when diluted to 0.2-0.3% was observed to promote apoptosis in certain sensitive cell lines (Fecker et al. 2010). Although sodium hyaluronate is included in the commercial gel formulation (Solaraze®), the precise function of this component remains unclear (Table 2).
Systemic absorption of diclofenac from Solaraze™ has been reported but comparator studies with other diclofenac …show more content…
Skin disposition and systemic absorption of diclofenac following application of Solaraze™ to AK lesions does not appear to have been investigated. However, given the long treatment times (Table 2), it may be beneficial to explore other strategies for the topical delivery of diclofenac to AK. Goh and Lane (2014) have recently reviewed the skin penetration characteristics of diclofenac and its salts, as well as the diverse formulation approaches investigated for topical delivery of the molecule in other therapeutic applications. The various methods explored to promote enhanced permeation of diclofenac include prodrugs, novel salt forms, supersaturation, use of skin penetration enhancers, microemulsions, lipid vesicles (including liposomes,
Transferosomes™, lipid bicelles), solid lipid nanoparticles, liquid crystalline mesophases, cyclodextrins, nanosuspensions, films, patches, iontophoresis, laser microporation, ultrasound. For the chemical permeation strategies explored infinite doses of test formulations have largely been explored rather than finite doses thus there is considerable scope for further investigation with these methods. Microneedle (MN) mediated delivery of NSAIDs has recently been reported