Descartes’s mind/body dualism viewed the mind and body as two separate entities of each other. The matter of the mind was viewed as being influenced by the body for interaction between the two. Same thing applies for the other way around.
Hume’s impressions and ideas viewed the two similar but with major differences. Impressions are viewed as vivid and lively perceptions. Ideas are viewed as more weak and vague compared to impressions because there are typically written from memory.
Inductive reasoning is taking results of an old pattern and using it to make a future