Descartes As Contrasted In Machiavelli's The Prince

Improved Essays
In Discourse, any reader is quick to learn that Descartes is discussing previous topics or ideas that Machiavelli himself also deliberated on as well. The works of both these philosophers present the student with various ways to look at God, along with humans, and the Church. Though their viewpoints agree and disagree, Machiavelli had a significant influence on the works of Descartes. Overall, by comparing and contrasting the various thoughts and opinions of Machiavelli and Descartes the reader is able to take away important lessons such as historical examples versus method, modern science and modern politics, and their opinion about the Catholic Church at the time.
Throughout The Prince, Machiavelli very clearly establishes his ideas about
…show more content…
God rewards and he also punishes. He is all-powerful but additionally has the power to do anything, even act like a violent river (Machiavelli 99). Descartes’ Discourse On Method, however, presents the intellect of the student a similar perspective on God and his role. Descartes tells us that God is perfect without being Good. He explains that perfection is a sense of “ultimate” while you can always improve something good (Descartes 19). His reflection on reason in Part IV reveals the foundation for method in the way the mind works when disconnected from all distractions. As a result of Descartes being able to awareness of his own personal imperfections, he is able to reaffirm his belief in a supreme being, God. He exclaims “It thus remained that this idea had been placed in me by a nature truly more perfect than I was and that it even had within itself all the perfections of which I could have any idea, that is to say, to explain myself in a single word, that it was God” (Descartes 19). In other words, Descartes is stating that God exists because he is able to recognize his own imperfections. Instead of simply rewriting the words of Machiavelli, Descartes imitates his writing style and adds his own method to attract people and help them understand the use, application, and significance of his writing and …show more content…
Or why would Descartes not focus on historical examples? In the end, both thinkers are still able to prove their points no matter the method. This should be an example to us of an intellectual’s ability to prove their point by various ways. As adolescent minds read through these they must be able to realize that there are many ways to come to the same conclusion, which are what Descartes and Machiavelli prove.
A second point of comparison between Machiavelli and Descartes involves them and their sentiments towards the Catholic Church. The Church plays a role in their lives and they openly express their opinions about it in their writings.
First off, Machiavelli expresses his thoughts about the Church purely through the use of biblical and historical examples. Beginning in chapter VI of The Prince, Machiavelli expresses his thoughts about a man and biblical role model, Moses. He is described by Machiavelli as a “Mere executor of things that had been ordered for him by God” (Machiavelli 22). His thoughts about this example show us how he feels about God. The reader is able to notice how Machiavelli attempts to put down the works of Moses because he was just a facilitator of things controlled by God. This is just the first real example he makes use of in his

Related Documents

  • Superior Essays

    Niccolò Machiavelli is smart and a strategic author. There are many ways on how to interpret his famous work, “The Prince”. It is intriguing that Machiavelli did not provide a title for the book. In doing so, Machiavelli shows his strategic writing to challenge the reader. To read the book and accept it in a literal sense is questionable.…

    • 1888 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    In Meditations of First Philosophy, Descartes explains philosophical meditations written over six days. The Second Meditation concerns the nature of the human mind. Descartes argues that the human mind is better known than the body. A major claim of his is his most famous quote “I think, therefore I am,” meaning a thinking thing, such as himself, can exist. In this essay, I will prove that Descartes’ argument in the Second Meditation for his existence as a thinking thing is convincing.…

    • 1180 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Niccolò Machiavelli spent a large majority of his aristocratic platform defaming the many intrinsic characteristics of human emotion and experience. He consciously ignored the essential acts of care and compassion while promoting a message of fear and hate. His teachings offered detailed instructions on the succession and maintenance of a fear-abiding society encapsulated by submission. His philosophy stated that the best interest of the general public was to irrefutably follow the rule of law. To Machiavelli, a human life could be explained as an expendable resource, awaiting its designated task to serve the ruling class.…

    • 904 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    1. What is the relationship between subjectivity and identity (Pages 3-5)? Subjectivity and Identity often refer to one’s sense of being. The relationship between identity and subjectivity often displays people’s sense of being and ideologies.…

    • 645 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Socrates Is No Prince Socrates and Machiavelli lived in a time of political and civil disarray and chaos. Their thoughts on political philosophy and theory are a product of the times in which they lived. Through interpretations of their own political climate, Socrates and Machiavelli produced two schools of political thought that are incredibly different and contrasting. Plato’s Apology and Crito and Machiavelii’s The Prince present these two vastly disparate ideologies.…

    • 1146 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    I will argue that Descartes, using his own criteria for making and avoiding mistakes, cannot be making a mistake when he proves the existence of God in meditation three in his Meditations on First Philosophy. I will develop my argument in two parts. First, I will present Descartes’s argument for how mistakes are made and avoided.…

    • 789 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The ideas that Machiavelli displays are the true ideals of the era, however, the irony and satire surrounding how they are presented are not genuine: ““Any man who tries to be good all the time is bound to come to ruin among the great number who are not good. Hence a prince who wants to keep his authority must learn how not to be good, and use that knowledge, or refrain from using it, as necessity requires” (Machiavelli). Machiavelli is revealing to the reader that in order for a prince to do a good job, he must lie to his subjects in order to be successful. He continues to be ironic and poke fun at the system in play and proves that these thoughts of the prince are not genuine. The beliefs that correspond with those of the era that are presented in The Prince are a strong ruling body in order to maintain social order:“Machiavelli, in the world we have described, often holds qualities like liberality, affability, generosity, courage, sincerity, gravity, and faith, to be of no more or less political value than their opposites, except in communication”(Moore).…

    • 1412 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Rene Descartes the father of modern philosophy, a philosopher known to believe things to be true until it was proven otherwise. In these meditations Descartes had complex opinions. In the case of Descartes in meditations a greater individual than him existed. Descartes’ claim insisted with the existence of the idea of God to the real existence of God. To support his argumentative opinions, Descartes points two distinct arguments that were utilized by “Augustine in the fourth century and Thomas Aquinas in the thirteenth century” (Shouler).…

    • 1137 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Machiavelli was a historian and deeply involved himself in politics, and he wrote his Discourses on Livy with a desire to bring back the virtues of the ancient Roman republic and in the hopes that they could be applied to Italy in the 16th century. The Discourses is a more honest take on Machiavelli’s true political beliefs than what is outlined in his famous, and much more widely read, The Prince. At the time of writing it, the Medici family were in full power, and Rousseau stated after reading his book, “Machiavelli was a proper man and a good citizen; but, being attached to the court of the Medici, he could not help veiling his love of liberty in the midst of his country's oppression.” Which would explain the contrasting ideals brought forth between The Prince and his Discourses.…

    • 1004 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    By claiming that thinking and reason are the perfections God has given humanity, he is trying to get everyone to use these perfections more. Descartes is trying to inspire people to think more through the entirety of his Discourse on Method. He uses his own story as a model for what can be gained by reasoning and deep thought. God is set up as an ideal to further push his readers to think and reason more. The predominately Christian audience he is writing to will more than likely start to view thinking and reasoning as good when they are presented as perfections given directly to humanity by God.…

    • 1027 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Throughout his “Meditations” Descartes will demonstrate that he is breaking away from the traditional way of thinking and metaphysics. And, throughout the text Descarte will lay out a foundation to a different way of thinking. One in which one does not solely rely on the senses to know things, but instead rely on an inspection of the mind. But, this conflicts with other philosophers of Descartes time, and it conflicts with what is being taught within the schools, Around Descartes time, many of the schools were using the writings of Aquinas and therefore Aristotle to teach, and they had become almost the center of philosophy. In this paper I will discuss and explain how Descartes’ views are different from the medieval and classical views of Aquinas and Aristotle.…

    • 1248 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Machiavelli theory argues that a ruler must do whatever it takes to gain and hold political power, but in the eyes of his subjects have the appearance of being morally…

    • 880 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Descartes goes into questioning whether his existence is valid since all of our surroundings and understandings can be undone with doubt. This is hyperbolic doubt, the beginning of methodological doubt which is a technique Descartes believes we should use to rid ourselves of inaccurate thinking. He poses the question of how do we know that we exist if we cannot depend on our sense and math if there is a being that can deceive us every step of the way and leaves the physical world as nonexistent were that the case. With this, he reckons that even there is a deceiving demon, the fact that he can think cannot be denied and declares it as “cogito ergo sum” or “I think, therefore, I am” (Meditation II). To affirm existence is to be able to think, even if we do not have a body which encompasses all the senses that could be deceived therefore making it impossible to exist.…

    • 703 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    I. Introduction: topic and each political theorist Throughout history many political thinkers have quoted the words of Niccolo Machiavelli. Founding father, John Adams and philosopher John Locke claimed to be students of Machiavelli (Viroli Intro). Machiavelli is considered a founder of political philosophy, but his work is not without opponents. Leo Strauss, a political philosopher, argued that Machiavelli was a “teacher of evil” in his book Thoughts on Machiavelli, written in 1958, in which he discusses his interpretation of Machiavelli’s work.…

    • 2341 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    At face value, The Prince and the Discourses seem to have a conflicting nature, but both texts focus on the administration of a state and present textual similarities. Much of what Machiavelli writes in The Prince reinforces the Discourses, echoing both stylistically and thematically. Machiavelli uses pragmatic methods in both and accentuates the importance of historical studies. In The Prince, there is a significant amount of reference to Cesare Borgia, a man that Machiavelli admires, and he states, “I shall never hesitate to cite Cesare Borgia and his actions,” and his views on virtue and fortune come out of Borgia’s narrative . For Machiavelli, Borgia is the superlative example of a man who can compel any individual to do the distasteful…

    • 1201 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays