1. Crude death rate (CDR): Deaths in the year *1000 Population at midyear CDR in 2014= 9527401 *1000= 7.3 [1] 1,296,245,000
Interpretation: Crude death rate is the number of deaths in a population in a given year per thousand members of the population. The CDR of 7.3 indicates that there were 7.3 deaths per 1000 members in 2014. This value is less than the average CDR of the world (8). As compared to countries like Ukraine (developing nation), the CDR for India is very low. Although, from [1], we can see that most of the developing nations have an average crude death rate of 7.
2. Effect of age structure on CDR: Figure 1: Shows the population pyramid of India (2014) [3]. Figure 2: Shows the population pyramid of Ukraine (2014) [4]. From Figures 1&2, we can see that the population of India is young as compared to the population of Ukraine. …show more content…
The age structure and composition of a population have a huge impact on the death rate. Although, the crude death rate does not take into account the age structure. This means that it is not indicative of the health status of a population. Hence, the CDR can be a misleading measure. A valid comparison is obtained only when the rate is recalculated by assuming the same age structure in the two countries.
3. Life expectancy at birth (2014): Males: 65 [1] World: Males: 69 [1] Females: 68 [1] Females: 73 [1] Both sexes: 66 [1] Both sexes: 71 [1]
Interpretation: Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn could expect to live if he or she were to pass through life subject to the age –specific mortality rates of a given period. Due to improvements in health care and nutrition for infants in the past decade, the life expectancy at birth in India has significantly improved. Although, it is still behind the average world life expectancy at birth. Due to biological and evolutionary reasons, the life expectancy for females>males. Although, health care facilities and social status of women in the society also play a huge role. 4. Infant mortality rate (IMR): Total number of deaths (age 0-1) *1000 Total number of births that year IMR in 2013= 44 [1] IMR in 1990= 64.9 [2] Interpretation: It is the number of deaths of infants in a year (age <1) per 1000 babies born in the year. It is an indicator to measure the health and well-being of a country. Increase in the per capita income, family planning initiatives and improved pre-natal care have played a huge role in decreasing the infant mortality rate of India. The IMR for India went down from 64.9 in 1990 to 44 in 2013. 5. Epidemiological transition: The epidemiological transition is a phase of development witnessed by a sudden increase in population growth rates due to improving medical services, followed by a stabilizing population growth from decrease in fertility. India is undergoing a rapid transition as a result of its social, economic and demographic changes. I think that India is moving from the second to the third stage of the transition. This is because the mortality rates are going down and the life expectancy at birth is increasing. Although, it has not stabilized yet. 6. Crude birth rate (CBR): Number of births *1000 Midyear population CBR in 2014: 22 [1] Interpretation: It refers to the births occurring in a population in a year per 1000 members of the population. It does not take into account the age or sex differences among the population. Although, it gives us an idea about the population trend of an area. The CBR for India is slightly greater than the average world CBR of 20. 7. General fertility rate (GFR): Total number of births *1000……………… (1) Midyear population f, 15-49 National (2012): 80.3 [5] State: Madhya Pradesh: 101.1 [5] Kerala: 20.6 [5] Interpretation: It is a cross-sectional measure of fertility which takes into account the total number of births per thousand females in the mid-year population who are in the childbearing ages 15-49. GFR is not based on fertility of any real group of women since this would involve waiting until they have completed childbearing. The national GFR of India is 80.3. If we look at the GFR data for different states, it varies a lot. The GFR of Madhya Pradesh is
Interpretation: Crude death rate is the number of deaths in a population in a given year per thousand members of the population. The CDR of 7.3 indicates that there were 7.3 deaths per 1000 members in 2014. This value is less than the average CDR of the world (8). As compared to countries like Ukraine (developing nation), the CDR for India is very low. Although, from [1], we can see that most of the developing nations have an average crude death rate of 7.
2. Effect of age structure on CDR: Figure 1: Shows the population pyramid of India (2014) [3]. Figure 2: Shows the population pyramid of Ukraine (2014) [4]. From Figures 1&2, we can see that the population of India is young as compared to the population of Ukraine. …show more content…
The age structure and composition of a population have a huge impact on the death rate. Although, the crude death rate does not take into account the age structure. This means that it is not indicative of the health status of a population. Hence, the CDR can be a misleading measure. A valid comparison is obtained only when the rate is recalculated by assuming the same age structure in the two countries.
3. Life expectancy at birth (2014): Males: 65 [1] World: Males: 69 [1] Females: 68 [1] Females: 73 [1] Both sexes: 66 [1] Both sexes: 71 [1]
Interpretation: Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn could expect to live if he or she were to pass through life subject to the age –specific mortality rates of a given period. Due to improvements in health care and nutrition for infants in the past decade, the life expectancy at birth in India has significantly improved. Although, it is still behind the average world life expectancy at birth. Due to biological and evolutionary reasons, the life expectancy for females>males. Although, health care facilities and social status of women in the society also play a huge role. 4. Infant mortality rate (IMR): Total number of deaths (age 0-1) *1000 Total number of births that year IMR in 2013= 44 [1] IMR in 1990= 64.9 [2] Interpretation: It is the number of deaths of infants in a year (age <1) per 1000 babies born in the year. It is an indicator to measure the health and well-being of a country. Increase in the per capita income, family planning initiatives and improved pre-natal care have played a huge role in decreasing the infant mortality rate of India. The IMR for India went down from 64.9 in 1990 to 44 in 2013. 5. Epidemiological transition: The epidemiological transition is a phase of development witnessed by a sudden increase in population growth rates due to improving medical services, followed by a stabilizing population growth from decrease in fertility. India is undergoing a rapid transition as a result of its social, economic and demographic changes. I think that India is moving from the second to the third stage of the transition. This is because the mortality rates are going down and the life expectancy at birth is increasing. Although, it has not stabilized yet. 6. Crude birth rate (CBR): Number of births *1000 Midyear population CBR in 2014: 22 [1] Interpretation: It refers to the births occurring in a population in a year per 1000 members of the population. It does not take into account the age or sex differences among the population. Although, it gives us an idea about the population trend of an area. The CBR for India is slightly greater than the average world CBR of 20. 7. General fertility rate (GFR): Total number of births *1000……………… (1) Midyear population f, 15-49 National (2012): 80.3 [5] State: Madhya Pradesh: 101.1 [5] Kerala: 20.6 [5] Interpretation: It is a cross-sectional measure of fertility which takes into account the total number of births per thousand females in the mid-year population who are in the childbearing ages 15-49. GFR is not based on fertility of any real group of women since this would involve waiting until they have completed childbearing. The national GFR of India is 80.3. If we look at the GFR data for different states, it varies a lot. The GFR of Madhya Pradesh is