This paper is scribed to present the compare and contrast between chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thromboses. It will also present pathophysiology and treatment of the two mentioned diseases. The symptoms to the diseases may be identical although the anatomy is truly different.There is no exact amount of the people that are affected by chronic venous insufficiency and deep vein thrombosis although the estimated range is from 300,000 to over 600,000 each year in the United States. Approximately 60,000 to 100,000 Americans die of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) annually, ten to thirty percent of people will die within one month of diagnosis (CDC. 2013 p.1). Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Deep Venous Thrombosis Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a malfunctioning venous which returns over an extensive period of time. Venous hypertension, circulatory stasis, and tissue hypoxia lead to inflammatory reaction in vessels and the tissue which leads into fibrosclerotic remodeling of the skin and then to ulceration (Huether, 2012. p.586). The damage to the venous valves is the underlying anatomy. The valve’s purpose is to ensure unidirectional blood flow towards the heart. However, when the valves become defective due to factors such as leg crossing, prolonged standing, wearing constrictive clothing, and blood pools residing in the veins which can cause venous distension. Gravitational pull on blood in lower extremities can as well worsen the venous distension. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is caused by venous stasis due to prolonged immobilization, congestive heart failure; venous endothelial damage due to trauma; and hypercoagulable states such as malignancy, pregnancy, and the use of contraceptive pills.
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Certain genetic abnormalities such as V leiden mutation, deficiency of protein S, deficiency of protein C, homocysteine deficiency, deficiency of antithrombin, and prothrombin mutations have been linked to development of DVT. The primary etiology of DVT is accumulation of platelets and clotting factors leading to the formation of thrombus in the veins primarily in the lower extremities. Thrombus in the veins causes inflammation that elicit more platelets to the site. The cycle of more thrombus formation and platelets aggregation continues to grow and forming more and more fragile thrombi that may break and become an emboli. However, CVI and DVT are diseases that affect the venous system. Both diseases share common symptoms. The symptoms common to CVI and DVT are edema and venous distention caused by increased hydrostatic pressure and inflammatory reactions in the vessels and circulatory stasis. Pain and discomfort of the lower extremities may occur as well. Hyperpigmentation and heating occurs at the proximal site of occlusion and pallor occurs distal to the site of narrowing veins. Both CVI and DVT have family history, old age, oral contraceptive intake, and pregnancy as major risk factors. “Chronic venous insufficiency is not a blood clot, but a condition that occurs when damaged vein valves or a DVT causes long term pooling of blood and swelling in the legs. If uncontrolled, fluid will leak into the surrounding tissues in the ankles and feet, and may eventually cause skin breakdown and ulceration” (Ratini, 2013. p.1). The differences between CVI and DTI are significant. …show more content…
CVI is insidious in onset due to the time it takes for the pump valves in the veins to be damaged. The diminished action of pump valves result to development of varicose veins and venous hypertension. This sequence of events doesn’t occur in DVT. DVT is rapid in reaction due to the subsequent inflammatory response and the formation of thrombus. The etiology is mostly related to immobility, hypercoagulable states and inherited abnormalities such as factor prothrombin mutation ,V Leiden mutation , deficiencies of protein C and S, and antithrombin deficiency. In most cases, DVT lacks any visual representation of symptoms due to it occurring deep in the veins. The Factors that Impact the Pathophysiology of CVI and DVT The age and gender of a person plays a crucial role in the development of CVI and DVT. CVI and DVT occurs most often in the elderly population ,which majority are women. There is predominance of CVI and DVT in patients older than 80 years (one in 100) each year as compared to the general population (one to two per one thousand) each year (CDC data 2012 P.1). Diagnosis and Treatment of CVI and DVT The diagnosis of DVT is made when the patient complains of the swelling,
Certain genetic abnormalities such as V leiden mutation, deficiency of protein S, deficiency of protein C, homocysteine deficiency, deficiency of antithrombin, and prothrombin mutations have been linked to development of DVT. The primary etiology of DVT is accumulation of platelets and clotting factors leading to the formation of thrombus in the veins primarily in the lower extremities. Thrombus in the veins causes inflammation that elicit more platelets to the site. The cycle of more thrombus formation and platelets aggregation continues to grow and forming more and more fragile thrombi that may break and become an emboli. However, CVI and DVT are diseases that affect the venous system. Both diseases share common symptoms. The symptoms common to CVI and DVT are edema and venous distention caused by increased hydrostatic pressure and inflammatory reactions in the vessels and circulatory stasis. Pain and discomfort of the lower extremities may occur as well. Hyperpigmentation and heating occurs at the proximal site of occlusion and pallor occurs distal to the site of narrowing veins. Both CVI and DVT have family history, old age, oral contraceptive intake, and pregnancy as major risk factors. “Chronic venous insufficiency is not a blood clot, but a condition that occurs when damaged vein valves or a DVT causes long term pooling of blood and swelling in the legs. If uncontrolled, fluid will leak into the surrounding tissues in the ankles and feet, and may eventually cause skin breakdown and ulceration” (Ratini, 2013. p.1). The differences between CVI and DTI are significant. …show more content…
CVI is insidious in onset due to the time it takes for the pump valves in the veins to be damaged. The diminished action of pump valves result to development of varicose veins and venous hypertension. This sequence of events doesn’t occur in DVT. DVT is rapid in reaction due to the subsequent inflammatory response and the formation of thrombus. The etiology is mostly related to immobility, hypercoagulable states and inherited abnormalities such as factor prothrombin mutation ,V Leiden mutation , deficiencies of protein C and S, and antithrombin deficiency. In most cases, DVT lacks any visual representation of symptoms due to it occurring deep in the veins. The Factors that Impact the Pathophysiology of CVI and DVT The age and gender of a person plays a crucial role in the development of CVI and DVT. CVI and DVT occurs most often in the elderly population ,which majority are women. There is predominance of CVI and DVT in patients older than 80 years (one in 100) each year as compared to the general population (one to two per one thousand) each year (CDC data 2012 P.1). Diagnosis and Treatment of CVI and DVT The diagnosis of DVT is made when the patient complains of the swelling,