Smoking and its effect on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Elizabeth Thoms
BIOL 2458, Brijesh Bridge, 10/11/15
Breathing should not be a difficult process, it is something that we do not even have to think about doing, it happens naturally and this should be the way it always is but unfortunately, for some people, this is not the case. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, better known as COPD is a disease of the lungs where air flow is reduced in the airways making it very difficult to breathe. It is a disease which gets worse over time and cannot be cured. The two most common forms of diseases which contribute to COPD are Emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Emphysema is caused by damage to air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. There is too much air built up resulting in trapped air which causes the alveoli to enlarge and rupture. Chronic bronchitis is inflammation and swelling of the airways; it produces a lot of mucus which makes it hard for oxygen and air to pass through. COPD is the fourth main leading cause of death in the United States and the main cause of …show more content…
"Identifying Molecular Targets for New Drug Development for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: What Does the Future Hold?" Thieme. N.p., 2015. Web. 12 Oct. 2015
Cope, Graham. "Smoking And COPD: Accelerated Lung Ageing." Practice Nursing 25.2 (2014): 68-70 3p. CINAHL Complete. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
"How Is COPD Diagnosed?" - NHLBI, NIH. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 201
Hurd, Suzanne. "The Impact of COPD on Lung Health Worldwide: Epidemiology and Incidence." CHEST Journal. N.p., Feb. 2000. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
Mannino, David M. "Global Burden of COPD: Risk Factors, Prevalence, and Future Trends." Science Direct. N.p., Sept. 2007. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
Willemse, B. W., Hacken Ten, and B. Rutgers. "Effect of 1-year Smoking Cessation on Airway Inflammation in COPD and Asymptomatic Smokers." European Respiratory Journal. N.p., Nov. 2005. Web. 12 Oct.
Elizabeth Thoms
BIOL 2458, Brijesh Bridge, 10/11/15
Breathing should not be a difficult process, it is something that we do not even have to think about doing, it happens naturally and this should be the way it always is but unfortunately, for some people, this is not the case. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, better known as COPD is a disease of the lungs where air flow is reduced in the airways making it very difficult to breathe. It is a disease which gets worse over time and cannot be cured. The two most common forms of diseases which contribute to COPD are Emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Emphysema is caused by damage to air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. There is too much air built up resulting in trapped air which causes the alveoli to enlarge and rupture. Chronic bronchitis is inflammation and swelling of the airways; it produces a lot of mucus which makes it hard for oxygen and air to pass through. COPD is the fourth main leading cause of death in the United States and the main cause of …show more content…
"Identifying Molecular Targets for New Drug Development for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: What Does the Future Hold?" Thieme. N.p., 2015. Web. 12 Oct. 2015
Cope, Graham. "Smoking And COPD: Accelerated Lung Ageing." Practice Nursing 25.2 (2014): 68-70 3p. CINAHL Complete. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
"How Is COPD Diagnosed?" - NHLBI, NIH. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 201
Hurd, Suzanne. "The Impact of COPD on Lung Health Worldwide: Epidemiology and Incidence." CHEST Journal. N.p., Feb. 2000. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
Mannino, David M. "Global Burden of COPD: Risk Factors, Prevalence, and Future Trends." Science Direct. N.p., Sept. 2007. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
Willemse, B. W., Hacken Ten, and B. Rutgers. "Effect of 1-year Smoking Cessation on Airway Inflammation in COPD and Asymptomatic Smokers." European Respiratory Journal. N.p., Nov. 2005. Web. 12 Oct.