Greek Homo Sapiens

Hunting and the use of tools are connected; without tools, there would not be any hunting, and without hunting, what would you really use tools for? Archaic Homo sapiens are associated with middle Paleolithic tool assemblages (developed Oldowan and Acheulean tools), and cannibalism as well as hunting other large and small animals. Archaic Homo sapiens used developed Oldowan and Acheulean tools, as well as prepared core (Conroy and Pontzer). Most of these tools used were either made from stone or bone. Most of the smaller stones consisted of flakes or broken cores and were most commonly made from flint; the larger ones were typically made from quartz (Conroy and Pontzer). Bone tools seemed to have many different uses within this specific …show more content…
These remains indicated evidence of cannibalism (White). Two of the sites where cannibalism was found are the Bodo site in Middle Awash, Ethiopia and Gran Dolina, Sierra De Atapuerca in Burgos, Spain. The first site, the Bodo site had significant evidence of butchering of early hominids by early hominids; “In the case of the Bodo cranium, it is already evident that intentional postmortem defleshing of some kind occurred” (White, 1986, 508). According to White, there are “Alternative hypotheses concerning the hominid behaviors that resulted in the observed pattern of cut marks on the cranium are available” however, he goes on to say that, “It is impossible to falsify hypotheses of cannibalism, cannibalism combined with curation, simple curation, mutilation, or decoration with the evidence at hand” (White, 1986, 508-509). However, Fernandez-Jalvo, Diez, Caceres, and Rosell state that “Cannibalism cannot be established on the sole basis of cutmarks. This is the case for Bodo and Goughs’s cave… Remains from both sites bear undeniable cutmarks, indicating that the skeletons were intentionally defleshed although not necessarly eaten” …show more content…
“The butchering techniques observed in the Aurora Stratum were aimed at meat and marrow extraction” (Fernandez-Jalvo et. al. 1999, 619). These patterns of destructions were similar between both humans and animals (Fernandez-Jalvo et. al.). These findings prove that with this material, the Archaic Homo sapiens did partake in cannibalistic activities. Cannibalism was not the only way that Archaic Homo sapiens acquired their food. “Abundant fauna and flora recovered from Bilzingsleben include macaques, forest elephants, steppe and forest rhinoceros, bison, deer, large horses, wild oxen, and bears” (Conroy and Pontzer 460). At many sites, the medium or large fauna found were gazelles, boars, and deer, and smaller fauna found in many sites were tortoises, hares, and foxes (Lieberman and Shea, 1994). Tool use and hunting patterns within the archaic Homo sapiens are intricately connected with each other. The tools that are associated with archaic Homo sapiens are the developed Oldowan and Acheulean tools as well as fire. Cannibalism is an established connection with the archaic Homo sapiens, as well as the regular hunting of large and small