Many people face hard obstacles trying to recover from war. War can damage people’s properties, but the most sorrowful and gloomy effect is wars’ impacts on people’s lives, psychology and bodies. In the short fiction story “The shawl,” Cynthia Ozick talks about a young Jewish mother named Rosa, who lost her infant Magda during the Nazi’s barbarism. Ozick shares the psychological problems and physical pain the mother and her infant faced. Through the character of Stella, Rosa’s niece, Ozick explains how wars can influence people’s moral standards. Philip G. Zimbardo and Stanley Milgram are two psychologists, who performed experiments to study the reasons that make soldiers obey the orders in any war and kill innocent ordinary people. The first
