Exercises increases heart rate and stroke volume so cardiac output is high. But due to the fact that G.L has a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy his cardiac output is low because the lack of heart filling. 6) what is left ventricular hypertrophy? Why would G.L condition cause left ventricular hypertrophy? Left ventricular hypertrophy is when the heart muscle is thickened the chambers are stiff and thick and this does not allow the heart to fill.…
The heart is a complex and vital organ that pumps around 6,000 quarts of blood through the body and beats around 100,000 times a day. Risk factors for congestive heart failure include coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart valve disease, cardiomyopathy, cigarette smoking, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Congestive heart failure is a syndrome of a ventricular dysfunction, where the heart is not able to pump enough blood with each beat to meet the oxygen requirements of the heart and other body tissues. The heart starts pumping weaker than normal and the blood moves through the heart at a slower rate and pressure in the heart increases and becomes…
The protein that was concluded was dystrophin. The disease that is associated with this protein is Duchenne. Duchenne is referred to as DMD and is associated with muscular dystrophy. DMD is one of the most common gene malfunctions and is causes by having a problem with a gene which makes up the dystrophin protein. Gupta (2014) explained that when the protein is functioning properly, muscle cells are able to keep their shape and strength, but without it they can begin to break down and become weaker over time.…
A muscle tear refers to muscle fibers being damage (Virginia 2013). A tear in the gastrocnemius can cause great risk of injury since the gastrocnemius is located between the knee and ankle joint (Virginia 2013). This can be cause by direct trauma to the calf region or sudden landing on the foot (Medial Head Gastrocnemius 2006). This injury is common in tennis players due to the constant motions of jumping and lunging (Medial Head Gastrocnemius 2006). In the first degree of gastrocnemius tear, the individual will experiment pain but the tendon will not be lengthened (Medial Head Gastrocnemius 2006).…
Belgian Blue bulls have extremely large muscles in the shoulder, back, loin and rump area. This extreme growth in muscle is due to a mutation in the myostatin gene, which results in the production of increased number of muscle fibers (hyperplasia). Breeders choose the cattle that clearly demonstrate the myostation defect. They choose the cattle that has the most muscle mass so they can gain the best out of their offspring. By doing so they also eliminate the undesirable characteristics in the species.…
Additional testing may be necessary to determine the direct source of the mutated gene. Determining whether the mother or the father is the host of the mutated genome source can prove to be rather critical to further determine the severity of the child’s…
There is always genetic testing that parents can do to see what their chances are of having the mutation. As said from the national organization of rare diseases. “Reportedly, the…
Pathophysiology Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome in which the pumping action of the heart becomes less powerful and fluid builds up forcing it into the lungs causing pulmonary edema or causing edema in the peripheral vascular system. CHF is used interchangeably with Heart failure (HF). HF is characterized by myocardial dysfunction, which is an alteration in ventricular contraction. Myocardial dysfunction can be caused by a result of many different conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, valvular disorders, renal dysfunction, ischemia and myocardial infarction. It can be systolic heart failure in which the heart muscles are weakened and results in decreased blood ejected from the ventricle,…
Of an estimated 3000 affected individuals worldwide, there are approximately 800 known patients. This disorder affects both genders and all ethnicities” (Kaplan and Shore). This means that .00004% of the global population has this disease, and only .00001% of the worldwide population is known to have it. So, if Asian parents were to think that only their male child would inherit this disease, they are wrong because anybody can get it; it does not judge, it does not care. If one parent has the gene, then their child will inherit this disease.…
In those families, there is a 50% chance off each offspring inheriting the gene mutation and may develop the…
Congestive Heart Failure Congestive heart failure is a progressive condition in which fluid builds up around the heart and causes pumping of the heart to become more and more difficult. Heart failure (CHF) occurs when the ventricles of your heart can’t pump blood sufficiently, causing fluid to build up not only around your heart but lungs, abdomen, and liver as well. There are multiple different types of CHF, the most common being left-sided which is when the left ventricle is weakened. Along with that, there are two separate types of left-sided CHF which are known as Systolic HF, where the ventricle fails to contract correctly and Diastolic HF, where the ventricle stiffens, according to, http://www.healthline.com/health/congestive-heart-failure#Overview1.…
Different Effect of Mitral Valve Prolapse History of the Disease One of the most common cardiac abnormalities in the United States is Mitral Valve Prolapse, also known as MVP, which affects about 2-6% of Americans. It is a disorder of the bicuspid valve, which causes backflow of blood from the left ventricle back into the left atrium (Sims & Miracle, 2007). MVP can also be identified as click-murmur syndrome, floppy mitral valve, and Barlow syndrome (Kornusky & Cabrera, 2014). In past studies, it was known that MVP affected mainly women, however recent studies show that it equally affects men as well (Sims & Miracle, 2007).…
Congenital heart diseases refers to the structural (anatomical) or physiological defects in the normal functioning of the heart as a result of birth defects that may be diagnosed soon after birth or may take years to produce full blown cardiac insufficiency. Valvular heart defects form the most common variety of congenital cardiac defect that is associated with high morbidity and mortality in adult years if no management options are employed. This is because the metabolic demands of the body increase with growth and development that poses more pressure on the heart leading to cardiac failure or circulatory deficits. With overall prevalence of 26.6%, it was suggested that only 12.1% cases can be detected by clinical evaluation. Among the most…
Medical conditions are bound to increase due to change in lifestyles. One of the life threatening conditions is heart failure. The heart is a muscular structure that pumps blood to all parts of the body. Heart failure results when the heart fails to pump enough blood hence increased overload. The pathophysiology occurs as a result of increased workload on the left ventricle especially in patients with hypertension.…
Strategies to prevent heart disease Heart disease is a devastating condition. It is known to be one of the leading causes of death across the world. There are some risk factors which make you more exposed to get a heart disease. Broadly, there are two types of risks: modifiable risk factors – the ones you can control such as diet, weight, lifestyle; and non-modifiable risk factors - ones you can’t control, like genetics.…