Inf&repair, Pain, Aseptic

Front 1

Name the four symptoms associated with the inflammatory phase.

Back 1

Dolar (pain), Calor (heat), tumor (swelling) and rubor (redness)

Front 2

Long many days does the inflammatory phase usually last?

Back 2

6 days

Front 3

What is the initial response in the inflammatory phase?

Back 3

Vasoconstriction

Front 4

Name (in order) the stages that comprise the inflammatory phase.

Back 4

Vasoconstriction, vasodililation, clot formation and phagocytosis.

Front 5

What chemical causes vasodiliation?

Back 5

Histamine

Front 6

Name the three stages of Inflammation and Repair.

Back 6

Inflammatory, proliferation and maturation.

Front 7

What is the duration of the proliferation phase?

Back 7

3-20 Days

Front 8

What role do Steroids play in the inflammatory process?

Back 8

These drugs are used to inhibit the release of Arachidonic Acid

Front 9

What is the tensile strength of collagen during the proliferation phase?

Back 9

15% of normal

Front 10

When does the maturation phase begin?

Back 10

Day 9

Front 11

What are the two collagen theories?

Back 11

Induction and Tension

Front 12

Describe the Specificity Theory of Pain

Back 12

The sensation of pain depends on the simulation of specific nerve endings that are specialized for each type of sensation.

Front 13

Describe the Pattern Theory of Pain

Back 13

The sensation of pain results from an appropriate intensity or frequency of stimulation of receptors that also respond to other stimuli such as touch, pressure, or temperature.

Front 14

What chemical causes vasoconstriction?

Back 14

Norepinephrine

Front 15

Under normal circumstances, what pressure is greater, hydrostatic or osmotic?

Back 15

Hydrostatic

Front 16

Osmotic pressure is determined by the concentration of what material?

Back 16

Proteins (Colloids)

Front 17

Hydrostatic pressure is determined by what?

Back 17

Gravity and blood pressure

Front 18

Differentiate transudate from exudate.

Back 18

Transudate is the fluide that occurs during inflammation and has very few cells and very little protein. Exudate has more more cells and is cloudy in color.

Front 19

Define chemotaxis?

Back 19

The ability of a chemical to attract cells.

Front 20

What role do leukocytes play in the inflammatory process?

Back 20

Leukocytes play an important part in clearing the injured site of debris and microorganisms to set the stage for tissue repair.

Front 21

Increased vascularity is associated with what cardinal signs of inflammation?

Back 21

Heat (calor) and redness (rubor)

Front 22

Blockage of lymphatic drainage causes what symptom?

Back 22

Swelling

Front 23

Physical pressure and chemical irritation of sensitive structures causes what symptom?

Back 23

Pain

Front 24

Name the four events that occur during the inflammatory phase?

Back 24

Vascular, hemostatic, cellular, and immune

Front 25

Name the four stages that comprise the Proliferation phase.

Back 25

Epithelialization, Fibroplasia/Collagen production, wound contracture and Neovascularization

Front 26

What is the goal of the Proliferation Phase?

Back 26

Purpose is to cover and impart strength to the injury site.

Front 27

What is the goal of the Inflammation Phase?

Back 27

Goal is to destroy, dilute, or isolate the cells or agents that may be at fault.

Front 28

What is the goal of the Maturation Phase?

Back 28

Ultimate goal is restoration of the prior function of the injured tissue.

Front 29

Name the two stages that comprise the Matuartion Phase.

Back 29

Collagen Synthesis/Lysis Balance and Collegen Fiber Orienation

Front 30

Define Transduction

Back 30

Ocurrs when the initial stimulus is converted into electrial activity, in the form of action potentials

Front 31

A patient is 3 days post injury to a ligament in his knee. Are ROM exercises indicated for this patient? Why or why not?

Back 31

No, movement to a healing injury is contraindicated during the Inflammatory Phase.

Front 32

What is the role of A-beta and A-gamma nerves?

Back 32

Carry impulses from the nonnociceptive receptors, they provide inhibitory stimulti to the substantia gelatinosa

Front 33

What is the role of Spinal Analgesia in treating pain?

Back 33

Block nociceptive transmission. Side effects limit application to the short-term control of pain

Front 34

Define the role of Substance P in pain?

Back 34

It is a chemcial mediator that is thought to be involved in the transmission of neuropathic and inflammatory pain

Front 35

What is the role of Acetaminophen?

Back 35

Analgesic (pain releiver)

Front 36

Describe the symptoms associated with Chronic Pain?

Back 36

Deconditioning, changes in the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal activity, reduced production of endogenous opioids, decreased levels of enkephalins (neurotransmitters which block the transmittion of pain at the synapses of nerve fibers)

Front 37

What is the role of Non steroidal Anti inflammatory Drugs in treating pain?

Back 37

Have both analgesic (pain releiver) and antiinflamatory properties. They block the release of prostaglandins

Front 38

How do Opiates decrease pain?

Back 38

Narcotic drugs which bind to opiate-specific receptors. They provide analgesia (pain relief) by mimicking the effects of endorphins and by inhibiting the release of presynaptic neurotransmitters.

Front 39

What is the role of Antidepressants in the treatment of pain?

Back 39

Using to treat chronic pain. The efficacy of these drugs is thought to be related to their effects on sleep, nerve fuction and mood.

Front 40

What does the term Aseptic Techniques mean?

Back 40

The methods and procedures used to create and maintain a sterile field. Goal is to prevent infection.

Front 41

Define Universal Precautions?

Back 41

Intent is to prevent parenteral, mucous membrane and non-intact (open) skin exposures of health care workers to pathogens in blood and other body fluids and tissues.

Front 42

What is the purpose of placing a patient in isolation?

Back 42

Designed to prevent the spread of microorganisms among patients, personnel and visitors.

Front 43

True or False
When donning sterile gloves, once the package is opened you grab the outside of the glove and insert the opposite hand?

Back 43

False
Once the package is opened you are only allowed to touch the inside of the glove with your "non-sterile" hand

Front 44

What is the single most important means of spreading germs?

Back 44

Handwashing

Front 45

Name 4 protective barriers that a healthcare worker may use to prevent contact with infective materials?

Back 45

Gloves
Mask
eye-protection
Gown

Front 46

What is considered the most important cell during the inflammation phase?

Back 46

Macrophages

Front 47

What is exudate?

Back 47

An extravascular fluid that forms during the inflammation phase. It is different from transudate because it is more viscous and cloudy in color.

Front 48

What is pus?

Back 48

An exudate that has a high concentration of leukocytes. It is commonly assoiciated with infection.

Front 49

When suppurative exudate occus within a solid tissue, it results is what?

Back 49

An abscess

Front 50

Define edema?

Back 50

The accumlation of fluid within the extravascular space and interstitial tissues.

Front 51

True or False: It is not necessary to wear a mask when treating a patient with MRSA.

Back 51

True, MRSA is a contact type of isolation

Front 52

True or False: It is not necessary to wear a mask when treating a patient with chickenpox.

Back 52

FALSE

Front 53

True or False: a N-95 respirator is only used when treating patients who are classified as Droplet precautions.

Back 53

False, airborne

Front 54

True or False: A gown needs to be worn when treating a patient with impetigo.

Back 54

TRUE

Front 55

True or False: Gloves need to be worn when treating a patient in contact isolation.

Back 55

TRUE

Front 56

Name the three techniques used to sterilize equipment.

Back 56

Subjecting the equipement to high pressure steam (autoclave), using ethylene oxide gas and using a dry heat source