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Prokaryotes
- DNA not associated with histones
- Peptidoglycan cell wall
- Inclusion bodies
Endosymbiotic Theory
- Theory that in the past, larger eukaryotic cells engulfed independent prokaryotic cells
Ex: Mitochondria & Chloroplasts both bound by double membrane with own genetic material
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Two types of organelles bound by double membrane and that contain their own genetic material
Organelles
- Membrane bound structures of eukaryotes that carry out specialized functions
- Allow cell to be more efficient
- Embedded proteins on these membranes make products specific to it
- System of these interconnected structures work together to metabolize, regulate and conduct life processes
Vesicles
- Membrane bound sacs that transport molecules around the cells
- Uses cytoskeleton as a track
Cytoskeleton
- Lattice of protein fibers that provide cell shape, assists with cell movement and internal transport
- Track for vesicles
- Contains actin filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules
- Dynamic, rearrange components in response to external/internal changes
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
3 Types of RNA produced in the Nucleus
Nucleolus
Region where rRNA joins with proteins to form ribosomes
Nucleus
- Generally appears as an oval structure near center of cell
- Contains chromatin in a semifluid matrix called nucleoplasm
Chromatin
- Network of strands that condenses right before cell division
- Contains DNA, protein and some RNA
- Genes, the unit of heredity, are located here
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