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Conventional treatment of surface water involves a sequence of processes with the purpose of removing suspended sediment from the water then disinfecting
Turbidity removal is at the center of treatment suspended particles physically shield microbes from disinfection interfere with other chemical processes and can serve as food for microbes on pipe walls as well as consumers are not pleased with cloudy water
Coagulation and sedimentation
Coagulation is the destabilization of collodial particles they have an associated electrical charge. coagulants are used they form ions so they precipitate out as solid particles. this precipitate helps to group the collodial particles into big clumps called floc
The flock particles collide stick together to form larger particles through the flocculation process
The mixture is slowly blended the flocculation speed should keep particles mixed so they do not settle out immediately, from the flocculation basin water slows as it moves into the sedimentation tank where velocity and gravity assist in settling floc particles into sludge at the bottom of the tank sludge is periodically removed where are further dewatering and disposal
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