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What is produced by each cell?
G cell
EC cell
D cell
ECL
Where are the secretory granules located in these cells? Where is the hormone discharged?
What are neoplasms arising from or differentiating along this pathway called?
G cell = gastrin producing
EC cell = serotonin producing
D cell = somatostatin producing
ECL = histamine producing
Granules located basally between nucleus and BM => discharge into lamina propria => circulation for effect on nearby cells (paracrine)
neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids)
What two things can lead to the hypergastremia compensatory response? What type of hyperplasia and subsequent tumor can this then lead to?
Less than how many centimeters is considered hyperplasia? Greater than 0.5 centimeters is considered what? Therefore, a lesion less than 0.5 cm is unlikely to do what?
What is shown in the image?
What type of NET? What cells are involved? What is the formation type?
Type 1
Forms a discrete nodule
What is an immunostain often positive in neuroendocrine tumors?
What are 80% of gastric carcinoid tumors associated with? Are they often malignant?
Are the other 20% often malignant? What are they associated with?
What is the fasting gastrin and pH level in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
What is considered a positive secretin stimulation test?
What are these all methods of treatment for?
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
At what age do intestinal neuroendocrine tumors typically present? What are two common sites? Are they often at multiple sites? What is the most frequent symptom? Can obstruction occur? What is the most common neoplasm in the appendix?
What are these all associated with?
Carcinoid syndrome
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