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Prime movers, agonists
Muscles most responsible for producing a particular movement
Antagonists
Muscles that oppose or reverse a movement
Synergists
Aid the action of agonists either by assisting with the same movement or by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement
- Ex: Making a fist without bending the wrist
Fixators
Fixation muscles are specialized synergists.
Immobilize the origin of the prime mover so that all the tension is exerted at the insertion.
Ex: Muscles that help maintain posture
Criteria on which skeletal muscles are named
- Direction of muscle fibers
- Relative size of the muscle
- Location of the muscle
- Number of origins
- Location of the muscle's origin and insertion
- Shape of the muscle
- Action of the muscle
Direction of muscle fibers
Rectus (straight)
Transverse/Oblique (fibers run at right angles or obliquely)
Relative size of the muscle
Maximus (Largest)
Minimus (smallest)
Longus (long)
Brevis (short)
Number of origins
Ceps (bicepts, triceps, quadriceps)
Location of the muscle's origin and insertion
- Sternocleidomastoid (sterno - sternum; cleido - clavicle) (mastoid process)
Shape of the muscle
Deltoid (triangle)
Trapezius (Trapezoid)
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