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What is the mole ratio used between MnO4- and Fe2+ is titrations.
2:5
What is the mole ratio used between Fe2+ and Cr2O7(2-) in titrations
6:1
What is the mole ratio used between I2 and S2O3(2-)
1:1
Two examples of poisoning in heterogeneous catalysts
Sulfur - Haber Process
Lead - Catalytic Converters in cars
Homogeneous Catalysis: Esterification reaction
Catalyst: Concentrated sulfuric acid
Reaction example:
CH3COOH + C2H5OH ---> CH3COOC2H5 + H20
Heterogeneous Catalysis: Production of Methanol
Catalyst: Chromium (III) oxide
Equation: CO(g) + 2H2(g) ----> CH3OH (l)
Uses of methanol: Fuel, Solvents, dyes, medicines
Heterogeneous catalysis: The Haber Process
Catalyst: Iron
Equation: N2(g) + 3H2(g) ---> 2NH3(g)
Uses: Fertilizers
The hydrogen needed can be manufactured by the reaction of methane with steam:
CH4(g) + 2H20(g) ----> CO2(g) + 4H2(g)
Homogeneous Catalysts: Decomposition of H202
Catalyst: Br2
Equations:
1) H202(aq) + Br2(aq)-> 2H+(aq) +2Br-(aq) + O2(g)
2) H202(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2Br-(aq)---> 2H20(l) + Br2(aq)
Overall: 2H202 ---> 2H20 + O2
Homogeneous Catalysts: Reaction with aqueous peroxodisulphate ions with aqueous iodide ions
Catalyst: Fe2+
1) S2O8(2-)(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq) ---> 2SO4(2-)(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq)
2) 2Fe3+ (aq) 2I-(aq) ---> 2Fe2+ (aq) + I2(aq)
Overall: S208(2-)(aq) + 2I-(aq) ---> 2SO4(2-) + I2(aq)
Reaction is favourable without catalyst but slow because both negatively charged ions
Reaction with catalyst involves oppositely charged ions
Homogeneous Catalysts: Manganate(VII) ions and ethanedioate ions
Catalyst: Mn2+
1) MnO4(-)(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 4Mn2+(aq) ---> 5Mn3+(aq) + 4H20(l)
2) C2O4(2-)(aq) + 2Mn3+(aq) ---> 2CO2(g) + 2Mn2+(aq)
Overall:
2MnO4-(aq) + 16H+(aq) + 5C204(2-)(aq) ---> 2Mn2+(aq) + 10CO2(g) + 8H20(l)
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