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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which is the best rule?
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Correct Option
If you drive over the speed limit, you may get a ticket. You Selected If you drive over the speed limit, you will definitely get a ticket. |
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Rules and instructions are most effective when
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Correct Option other behavior in one's repertoire is under instructional control. You Selected the individual has a history of contingency shaped behavior. |
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Which is the best rule?
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Correct Option Children who put their toys in the box within the next 2 minutes will get a special snack. You Selected Children who clean up within the next 2 minutes will get a special snack. |
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symbolic matching
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arbitrary selections (arrow to "north" or "up")
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Self management systems must be kept:
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simple punishment mild (harsher ones not likely to be delivered) determine rewards beforehand vary tangibles or simply see progress chart |
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Level systems:
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higher levels equal more privilidges/better higher levels of performance tokens are thinned to mimick natural environment reinforcement schedule. |
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Field testing in token economy systems:
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track tokens as if they would be earned
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as positive behavaviors increase, what do you do with the value of tokens and cost of reinforcers?
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increase the cost of backup reinforcers, decrease the value of a token.
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development of token economy: you must
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determine criterion for earning otkens : same criterion for all, different criterions for each values of tokens can be same for all, a few, or individually or different for each person. |
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token economy ratio: at first should be kept
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small
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when everyone is participating in a group token
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have 1 item of reinforcing value
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which is a backup reinforce?
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trip to the zoo item consumable within a few seconds or has to be reinforcing to all participants? trip to the zoo is the correct answer |
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Interest in earning tokens can be maintained by
If a student wants to purchase one or more luxury items, he won't know how many tokens he will need if the items are sold by auction. Therefore, he is more likely to work to obtain as many tokens as possible. |
Correct Option
auctioning backup reinforcers. You Selected changing the form of the token (e.g., from points to poker chips). increasing the number of luxury items and the value of tokens. decreasing the number of luxury items and the value of tokens. Hint |
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A student who has a large savings of tokens is no longer earning more. You should |
Correct Option
increase the number of luxury items. You Selected increase the number of luxury items and the value of tokens. |
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Interest in tokens could be enhanced by
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increasing the number of luxury items, decreasing the value of tokens, increasing the cost of backup reinforcers auction backup reinforcers. |
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Fading physical evidence of a token economy is exemplified in which of the following?
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Correct Option poker chips to paper coins, to points on a paper kept at the student's desk, to points kept by the teacher You Selected coins (money), to paper coins, to poker chips, to points kept by the teacher. |
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When rewarding tokens for alternative behaviors has failed to reduce the rate of undesirable behavior, you might consider
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Correct Option removing tokens for undesirable behaviors. You Selected rewarding more tokens for alternative behaviors. |
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A token economy is most appropriate for which of the following? catching and throwing should be naturally reinforced in a baseball game |
Correct Option
increasing the use of existing hygiene skills in a group home for pre-adolescent boys You Selected increasing accurate throws and catches by members of a baseball team during games |
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A token economy is not the right procedure for:
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for shaping new behavior suited to increase behavior already in repertoire |
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One strategy used in DI to reduce frustration and encourage successful learning early in the program is to
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Correct Option ensure learners encounter appropriately challenging material by using a brief placement test. |
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Direct Instruction is a highly structured teaching technology, which has led to development of curricula with a strong empirical foundation. Features include |
fast-paced small group instruction, scripted lesson plans, grouping (and regrouping) based on achievement, frequent informal assessment coaches/facilitators to support implementation. |
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During DI: asking question guidelines
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1. get attention of the group;
2. ask question before selecting student to answer; 3. before selecting, get 50% raised hands or eye contact; 4. do not rephrase responses; 5. don't ask a student if you think it is likely that she will answer incorrectly; 6. repeat question or give hints when given an incorrect answer. Aside from avoiding students you believe will not answer correctly, student selection is largely random. |
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Students who are asked questions during Direct Instruction are
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teacher selected, largely at random
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