Summary Of What The Frog's Eye Tells The Frogs Brain

Improved Essays
The article “What the Frog’s Eye Tells the Frog’s Brain” by Lettvin et al. analyzes the activity of a single fiber in the optic nerve of the frog. This study was done on frogs because of the uniformity of the frog’s retina, the normal lack of eye and head movements, and relative simplicity of the connection of the frog’s eyes to the brain. The study’s initial argument was that the nervous apparatus in the eye itself is dedicated to detecting certain patterns of light and their changes. Upon studying the fibers in the optic nerve, the investigators found that there are four separate operations on the frog’s visual image. These operations that are independent of the level of general illumination includes sustained contrast detection, net convexity

Related Documents

  • Decent Essays

    The sciatic nerve used for the experiment was removed from a bullfrog that had been double-pithed. This means that the connection between the frog’s spinal cord and brain was severed. The result being that the frog could no longer feel the sensation of pain and that its muscle reflexes no longer functions. The frog’s skin was cut and pulled all the way down its body from the abdomen and removed from the legs. Its thigh muscles were then separated in order to expose the nerve.…

    • 112 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In 1988, Willian T. Newsome and Edmond B. Paré have conducted a research on motion perception. One of the goals of their research was to find out the importance of the middle temporal area in mammals’ brains. In order to achieve this goal, they had to use nonhuman primates for the fact that monkeys’ brains are closely similar to the human brains. In their released article, the researchers explained point by point how they proceeded such experiment and also left possibilities for future research. Newsome and Paré trained a group of monkeys on how to identify motion by looking at dots in motion.…

    • 411 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Being a TCU horned frog feels right for many reasons. TCU affords me the opportunity to move away from my hometown, Waco, it allows me to select from any of the majors I've considered; it provides me all of the resources I need to learn and excel; and it means I get to cheer on one of the best football teams in the nation, all while being in a faith-growing environment. I found, during my campus tour, the aspect I was most impressed by was the TCU spirit. Every student my tour group encountered wore a prideful smile, excitedly greeting their peers and every now and then one would yell a “Go frogs!”.…

    • 184 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Cones allow us to see color, they operate mostly in daylight and don’t pay as much attention to the amount of light as rods do. The rods and cones are connected to specialized neurons called bipolar cells, which in turn hook up with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells lead out of the eye and their axons from the optic nerve, which is the messenger from an eye to the brain. After the nerve fibers leave the eye they separate and some cross to the other side of the head. The optic…

    • 2172 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Paper Assignment #1 1. Discuss the contribution made by Hodgkin and Huxley (1936) with regard to the process of neural conduction. The contributions made by Hodgkin and Huxley was significant in understanding how the neurons in our body work. They used a giant squid axon because it’s big and therefore makes it easier to measure voltages across the membrane of a cell.…

    • 741 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Limulus polyphemus has a primitive blood. According to Bang & Levin (n.d.) the Atlantic horseshoe crab blood carries oxygen and has a special pigment that is a protein called hemocyanin. Homo sapien blood has a very similar protein in it called hemoglobin that makes the blood red from iron in the blood.…

    • 602 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    The eyes include the receptors for vision, which is generated in the retina. Processing pathways of eyes are like a camera, and what difference is people generate information on their sensitive retina, not camera films. Retina has lots of cells that cover the inside back of the eye. The image leaves on eyes by optic nerve; Cornea is responsible for focusing light to be processed; Fovea is the center of macula to sharpen our vision views for focusing; Iris regulates the amount of light, which along with the pupil; Lens focuses on light rays. Visual pigments have rods and cones,…

    • 100 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Dart’s and Arrow’s. Most people do not know how the poison dart or arrow frog got its name. They are some of the most poisonous amphibians in the world the most deadly being the golden poison dart frog. Adaptation and The Poison Dart Frog’s characteristics has allowed it to survive in the jungle for many years.…

    • 737 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    , 3 visualize what organs are hidden beneath the skin of this multicellular organism and to apply this structural and functional idea of the organs to the what the human body looks like underneath the skin we live in. Out in the wild, the frogs have a very significant niche. According to Frog: Journey North ’s “Frequently Asked Questions,” the role of a frog is to “eat insects, small fish, and other small aquatic and terrestrial animals. In turn they provide food for fish, some large insects, snakes, lizards, larger frogs, birds, and small carnivorous and omnivorous mammals.”…

    • 417 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Visual Acuity

    • 975 Words
    • 4 Pages

    This shows that Visual acuity changes depending on the location in the retina and could be influenced by factors which include: the receptive field size, distribution of photoreceptors and illumination. For an individual to view an object, they fixate and place the image of the object on the most sensitive part of the retina, fovea centralis to produce detailed vision. As shown in Figure 2, the fovea has a high number of cone receptors which produce high visual acuity and allows the individual to identify colour and light. A high visual acuity is due “to the 1:1 connection of a cone cell to bipolar cell to a single ganglion cell producing a small receptive field which produces high visual acuity at fixation [4]”. At the peripheral, there is a high rod density which produces low visual acuity and is due to retinal convergence of rods to a single bipolar cell, producing a larger receptive field which reduces visual acuity.…

    • 975 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    The Coroboree Frog

    • 88 Words
    • 1 Pages

    The coroboree frog lives in the sub-alpine bogs of the snowy mountains in Australia. They are the most iconic and the rarest creatures. The typical diet of a mature corroboree frog includes beetles, mites, black ants and insect larvae. They do not interact with humans; they might be in some zoos but not many. Humans rapid population increase causes the corroboree frog to lose its habitat.…

    • 88 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The researchers were interested in human’s visual ability and depth perception and those behaviors are innate or learned. Through this experiment, they were seeking to answer these questions: Are we born with or develop the skill to comprehend that some objects are more distant than others and interpret the world around us? When can a person or animal perceive the optical and tactical stimuli associated with depth and height? Do animals and animals learn depth perception at different times? In terms of theoretical propositions, Gibson and Walk presented a “nativist” position…

    • 1059 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    These show that there is selection against the shorter wavelength (535 nm) alleles in favour of 560 nm alleles or intermediate wavelength pigments (e.g. 545 nm; Osorio et al., 2004). Assuming that trichromacy favours the 535 nm/560 nm combination with equal allele frequencies, it is likely that the bias against the 535 nm allele arises in dichromats. This could be due either to the consequences for their dichromatic colour vision, which favours a wide separation of the two pigments (Lewis and Zhaoping, 2006 and Osorio and Vorobyev, 1996), or in luminance vision (Osorio and Nilsson, 2004, Osorio and Vorobyev, 2005 and Osorio and Nilsson, 2004). Because there is no evidence for any anatomical or molecular distinction between M/L cones in primates other than their photopigment an important problem for primates is in how information from these cones is segregated to allow chromatic opponent receptive fields in the visual system (e.g. primary visual cortex; Wachtler,…

    • 573 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Frog And Toad Analysis

    • 935 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The children's book, Frog and Toad Together, might not have challenging language or plot lines, but it does have life lessons that can apply to real life situations for anyone from children to adults. In the book, Frog and Toad show the importance of being organized and having a plan. The first chapter, A List, shows us that life can become far easier when we have a plan for the future, but be careful not to be too organized. In the second chapter, The Garden, we learn that persistence is key. The third chapter, Cookies, is all about will power.…

    • 935 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Essay On Frog Dissection

    • 825 Words
    • 4 Pages

    My earliest memory of science is from 5th grade in Mr. Kern’s class. I remember we had a unit on sea creatures, and we got to take care of and study fish and crawfish. I loved this activity because it was so hands on and we were the caretakers of the creatures, so we did all the work. It was really our own experiment, not just something out of a book. We all loved coming into class in the morning and running to see our new pets, and one day I noticed my crawfish had lost its shell.…

    • 825 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays