Rockbolts Essay

Great Essays
Rockbolts as a ground control technology are just one in the very long list of ground control technologies that exist in mining and civil applications. The simplicity and reasonable cost associated with rockbolts are the primary driving forces for the research causing their wide variations for numerous public and private uses. The ease of calculation and implementation also makes rockbolts a go to option for engineers who would rather spend more time calculating other variables during a job which requires moderate to secure rock, for either permanent or less than permanent structures. With the continuation of expansion, which requires bigger highway cuts, tunnels, and mines, has given way to the need for more cost effective ground control technologies. …show more content…
The basic parts of a rockbolt are; the bolt, the keyhole plate, a nut, and a setting tool (Hartman & Mutmansky, 2002). The bolt must be tensioned with the correct force and set with the correct angle as calculated for the scenario (de la Vergne, 2008). The three main types of rockbolts are; mechanical bolts, resin bolts, and friction bolts (Hustrulid & Bullock). The mechanical bolts are mechanical point anchors which, when set in the predrilled hole, are then tensioned to secure an anchoring device which will pull against the keyhole plate and the anchor point to secure the surface to a more competent layer. The mechanical bolts have more parts to go wrong, as well as a higher cost. The mechanical anchors have though shown to be a very reliable way to pull the unstable layer back to the competent layer. The forces are not being applied directly to the sides of the hole in its entirety, but rather a tensile force between the plate and the anchor device point. Multiple devices for anchoring have been developed over the years in an attempt to lower the costs and increase the amount of force the bolt is able to withstand, both tensile and shear. Grout can even be forced into the remaining gaps around the bolt after the anchoring device has been applied (Villaescusa, Windsor, & Thompson, 1999). Some of the types of resin bolts include; the paddle bolt, posimix, solid deformed, wiggle bolt, and chemical anchor. The resin bolt differs primarily because it utilizes chemical compounds to secure the two rock layers. The chemical coumpounds are a grout which when applied causes the space between the bolt and the hole to be filled and become solid, which in turn secures the surface layer of rock. The resin bolts have seen a recent boom in research due to the seemingly cost effective nature. With the correct setting and grout resin they prove to be a reliable

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Banjo’s Director’s Cut (The Man from ironbark) “For the drover’s life has pleasures that the townsfolk never know” – A.B Paterson. It’s almost been 75 years since A.B or Banjo Patterson died, yet his work is still recognised as some of the greatest of all time, not only in Australian bush poetry, but in the whole of Australian literature. One of his most famous pieces is The Man from Ironbark. This poem is about a bush man from Ironbark who receives a haircut from a Sydney barber.…

    • 655 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Once each batch was fully cooled they were assigned a sample number, to make the analyzing simpler. Each piece of Knife River Flint was analyzed for the color of its flaked surface, color of its cortex, and luster. Each piece of Knife River Flint was then subjected to knapping with a hard hammer, soft hammer, and pressure flaker to determine their knappability. All the relative information was then gathered and analyzed to see if there was a change in their physical or structural…

    • 718 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    1) During his time at the Emergency Child Service, Marc Parent had to witness the horror of child abuse that would haunt him for years. The things he saw and experienced over the years took their toll on him and in return, causing him to doubt his own motives and abilities. It was also due to these experiences that had shaped how he named the title of his book. The phase ‘’Turning Stones’’ can have different interpretation according to the author. This phrase first mentioned in chapter eight, where Marc Parent was recalling the fieldtrip that he had with his classmates.…

    • 1130 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Beads sights can either be round or square and made of brass, German silver, gold and silver beads. Bead sights are usually used on hunting rifles. Some other types of metallic sights are peep sights, open sights, and target sights. The selection of the sight depends on the need of the owner; such as someone who shoots targets will need a target sight not necessarily a bead or peep sight. Once the owner of the firearm selects the proper sight they will need to sight or zero it in to them.…

    • 522 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Little Rock Nine Essay

    • 821 Words
    • 4 Pages

    During this week’s reading, my eye was caught by the actions of then-Governor of Arkansas Orval Faubus in the wake of Brown v. Board of Education II (1955). Even as he felt pressures from both the judicial and executive branches of government, he refused to comply with the new standards of racial equality. In 1955, the Supreme Court issued a decision on the case that came to be known as Brown v. Board of Education II, ruling that states must immediately end any segregation in their school systems immediately. Not surprisingly, many states in the South fought this new regulation tooth and nail, but the textbook raised one particularly interesting case: Governor Orval Faubus.…

    • 821 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Broken Spears Essay

    • 1117 Words
    • 5 Pages

    While presenting a lecture on the “Danger of a Single Story” in a 2009 Ted Talk in London England, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie remarked that if a people are shown as one thing, over and over again, that is what they become. For centuries the conquest of Mexico and the fall of the Aztec empire has been a single story told through only European accounts. In The Broken Spears Miguel León-Portilla provides an account of the first arrival of European colonizers through a collection of codices authored by indigenous people. Although the validity of these accounts is often debatable, they offer another side to the story and show the similarities and differences between the Aztec and Spanish accounts due to their differences in motivations and interpretations of events.…

    • 1117 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    This excessively specific physique has become a sort of “job requirement” for ballerinas. Most are not born with the qualities that are required, meaning that they starve themselves almost to the point of death. These requirements do not make sense because in order for a ballerina to survive 8-hour rehearsal days, she must eat. If she doesn’t, she won’t be able to perform her best, and will in turn not look her best on stage. Weight and body image is something that Copeland, as well as many other ballerinas in the past have struggled with.…

    • 1226 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Mt. Hood College Essay

    • 680 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Discovering this college from the thousands of community colleges in the West Coast was difficult yet a wonderful experience. From California to Washington, there were numerous of community colleges that were the best of the best and the colleges were at beautiful places that I can’t even describe to you.. But, I picked Mt. Hood Community College as my community college of choice from the good reviews to the helpful website. I realized that Mt. Hood was the good choice after I read about the student life and the community of the college and the city of Gresham.…

    • 680 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Bodam Castle Essay

    • 2253 Words
    • 10 Pages

    Bodiam is located near Robertsbridge, by the river Rother in East Sussex. Its construction began in 1385 and was funded and owned by Sir Edward Dallingridge. Bodiam is said to be the most spectacular private castle of the decade. Bodiam is the kind of castle that most people imagine when they think what a medieval castle is supposed to look like, with its large stone walls and towers surrounded by moat looking very dramatic and highly defensive. Bodiam to this day remains very intact and is one of the most visually striking medieval England castles.…

    • 2253 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    World War II: A Different Look Imagine a world in which America had actually lost World War II. Consider the impact the Nazi’s would have had on the world if they were to win. It can be hard to determine as there can be multiple scenarios to how this would play out. Along with this, there is no true way to determine what would have happened. The book, “The Man in The High Castle” takes a look at what the world would be like if the Axis powers had won World War II.…

    • 1140 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Before June 28, 1969, homosexual acts between consenting adults were illegal in all fifty states of America, which was reported in the article “The Stonewall Riots: June 28, 1969” (“The Stonewall Riots”). The Stonewall Inn is a gay bar in New York City. In 1969, it had no liquor license and held refuge for gay men and transvestites against the prejudiced police and laws. The laws were made to specifically On June 28th, these police raided Stonewall, which was not uncommon. But that night, for some unknown reason, people fought back.…

    • 1674 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Iron Jawed Angels Essay

    • 747 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The movie Iron Jawed Angels was a very intriguing movie. It taught a lot about women's suffrage and times in the early 20th century. I did not know much on this topic before. In the movie, as the characters fought for the right for women to vote, we saw the slow process they took to eventually reach their goal. After 64 years of fighting they had only gotten 9 states to allow women votes, but at the end of the movie we see the harsh and diligent steps the members of the National Women’s party takes to nationally pass the bill.…

    • 747 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Stonewall Riots Essay

    • 1148 Words
    • 5 Pages

    What initially seemed to be a regular police raid on a random June night in 1969 turned into riots lasting several evenings, with an impact that would continue to this day. Often people divide the history of the United States’ gay rights movement into two epochs- “before Stonewall” and “after Stonewall”. Accordingly, this distinction illustrates the Stonewall Riots’ individual importance for gay rights even as it was not the first event to highlight the injustices of homophobia. Despite its relatively late appearance in the timeline of gay rights history, the riots were the first demonstration of homosexual activism to be celebrated on a large scale and remain in large part the most commemorated gay rights demonstration. Additionally, the riots…

    • 1148 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Honestly, I believe that definition 3 of the word rock would fit best into this poem. The author clearly states that the “wind rocks the car“ wind is oftentimes used to symbolize change or chaos, hence the 3rd definition listed. Which would also explain why there is “silence between their teeth” However, definition one could also be used because they are parked near a river and the wind tends to be stronger the closer you are to a body of water.…

    • 81 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Rock Art Essay

    • 844 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Rock art can be viewed as part of everyone’s cultural heritage or as part of a specific groups’ cultural heritage. It is this difference of thought that can cause much debate on who should have access to and how to manage rock art sites. One way to ensure that the heritage is preserved regardless of what happens to the rock art itself is to record the stories that go along with the art. “Collecting and archiving [stories], with due respect for the traditional owners and in accordance with their wishes about what can or cannot be published, is as much a duty as preserving the art and its natural and archeological contexts” (Clottes, 2008:6). There is just some knowledge that is not meant to be learned or recorded.…

    • 844 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays