Although psychosurgery had multiple negative implications, the procedure was still progressing. In the late 1940s, noninvasive procedures were beginning to advance in neurosurgical devices. The confined lesion allowed for manageable side effects and less fatalities. Additionally, there was an increased advancements in neurobiological research on emotion, allowing for focus on distinct areas of the brain. Papez and later MacLean led to clarifying evidence of appropriate ranges to operate on that that regulate emotion. Additionally, the knowledge that some of these disorders were unmanageable, therefore, the value of psychosurgery continued to be assessed. Society began to investigate psychosurgery once more in the 1960s and 1970s. Sociobiologists
