Psychological Intervention Psychology

Superior Essays
Biological plausibility for psychological intervention
Many studies have been done to establish the link between psychological variables and risk of injury. These studies have supported the ideas from William and Anderson’s (1998) model of stress of and injury. For example, Johnson and Ivarsson (2011) found that injured athletes had a significantly higher life event stress, somatic trait anxiety, mistrust, and ineffective coping. While this is only a cross-sectional study, looking for an association between variables, and it was not as sentficaly strong as other study designs, the study was still method strong. They had a large sample size of 177 and a clear definition of injury, they prospectively measured injuries after the physiological
…show more content…
There have been two studies looking at stress, perceptual narrowing, and injury (Rogers, Alderman, & Landers, 2003; William & Anderson, 1999). Rogers et al., (2003) found athletes with high stress had increase perceptual narrowing, before a real life stressful situation (a completive game) compared with athletes with low levels of stress who had less perceptual narrowing before a game, these results were statically significant. Roger et al., (2003) study design had a high level of external validity by examining the athletes in a real-world application (Hutchison, 2017e). Roger et al., (2003) did not measure if injuries were sustained, but nevertheless their results illustrate good evidence for mechanism of a sport injury resulting from increase life stress casing increased perceptual narrowing. The second study by William and Anderson (1999) found a significant correlation between negative life stress and sport injuries (r = 0.43), and additionally found a significant correlation between perceptual narrowing and sport injuries (r =0.28). This study was strong methodically in design with a large sample size of 196 athletes, prospectively collecting injury data and clear difetion of injury (William & Anderson, 1999; Hutchison, 2017a; Hutchison, 2017b). Both studies give strong evidence of the biological plausibility that increased life stress causes perceptual narrowing which leads to increased …show more content…
al. 2017); A study with a much larger sample size found no difference and had a narrow confidence interval for example, for male study participants, the treatment group incidence rate was mean 2.9 95% CI (1.9-3.6) and the control group incidence rate was mean 2.8 95% CI (2.1-3.7) (Tranaeus et al., 2014) The four remaining studies also had small sample sizes and did not find a statistically significant reduction in injuries and did not provide CI or incidence rates. It may be concluded therefore psychological interventions do not reduce the number of injuries when given to the general athlete population (not screening for individual with psychological risk factors). This argument is further backed up by the poor randomized control designs, with inconsistent data collection and definitions of injury and type of intervention (Hutchison, 2017c). Therefore, until more methodically rigorous studies are conducted, I would not recommend giving a psychological intervention to general athlete populations to reduce

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Sport-Related Concussions

    • 964 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Methods: Subjects: The study conducted an analysis of effects of sport-related concussion over the years for athletes. The study was approved by the University Review Board. The research was performed with a total of 120 participants of each division of College athletics. The study was carried out on groups with about 45 concussed symptomatic athletes, 45 concussed asymptomatic athletes and 45 non-concussed control athletes.…

    • 964 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy In order to discuss Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) and the potential risks related to the disease one must first understand what CTE is. CTE is a degenerative disease of the brain caused by repetitive head trauma (What is CTE?, 2016). Athletes that participate in contact sports such as football, hockey, rugby, and even soccer are most at risk due the nature of their sports. Former participants of all these sports have been diagnosed with CTE posthumously, and during their declines have suffered from fits of rage, dementia, substance abuse, and suicide.…

    • 1065 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Bachynski Concussions

    • 2132 Words
    • 9 Pages

    This article will be beneficial as it details issues with protective gear worn by student athletes. The article also takes into consideration body size and age when factoring in concussion risks. Sohlberg, M. M., Harn, B., MacPherson, H., & Wade, S. L. (2014). A pilot study evaluating attention and strategy training following pediatric traumatic brain injury. Clinical Practices in Pediatric Psychology,…

    • 2132 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The possible injuries that could leave a child with a persistent injury from playing a game is frightening. Lingering pain and the inability to do certain types of everyday tasks could limit their choices in careers and hobbies, something that no one at that age could fully comprehend or appreciate. This concern is shared by several professional athletes, who have stated during interviews that as a parent they would not let their children play in the sports they have made a career of playing for fear of those injuries. Some athletes have even said that if they had fully understood those risks themselves when younger, they wouldn’t have started playing when they had. Statements like these, coming from people who spend years in those sports seeing and dealing with severe injuries should carry considerable weight in helping shape the future of these sports…

    • 1030 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Researchers have shown the importance of these injuries. Concussions are capable of ending athlete’s careers by nasty consequences. While every contact to the head is considered part of the game, each hit creates more opportunity for brain damage and mental illnesses. Even with all of these risks sports have become more safe then they ever have…

    • 1490 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    They run, punt, and pass. Can you guess who “they” are? Of course, football players. Football is the 9th most popular sport in the world and 1st in Texas. If you watch football, you know it is a very aggressive and dangerous sport.…

    • 761 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Mental Illness in Athletes Student Athletes are easily identifiable on college campuses. They are clothed in expensive athletic gear with their school’s logo and sponsor plastered on it, their headshots may appear in game day ads, and some exude confidence while walking through campus. On the other hand, some student athletes may be among the most insecure students on campus. Often times insecurities and stresses lead to mental illnesses, which can go unnoticed and that can lead to serious consequences.…

    • 1921 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    As Sports are now in today’s society they’ve evolved so much from the basic rules to more serious and dangerous games due to the amount of contact the players receive through their rigorous activities. People involved in the sports world think there should be more serious measures taken to avoid injuries like concussions and other Brain Traumatic Injuries (BTI). Professional Sports should be treated like any other job that include risks and measures and the person willing to submit themselves to those risks should be well aware of the consequences and be ready to deal with them if anything were to occur. In major contact sports, there is a disease that all athletes are susceptible to which is called Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or known as…

    • 1474 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Mental illness in competitive and professional athletes is stigmatized because of its negative impact on those athletes, often disrupting or even ending their careers. Enduring careers in athletics are few and far between; this is not just because of the extreme physical demands, but also the equally taxing mental challenges. No longer are athletics a simply physical achievement. Without a strong mental state, most athletes fail to reach their career aspirations. Due to the extreme pressures they labor under, competitive and professional athletes have a higher tendency toward mental illness than the general populace.…

    • 555 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Worrying about the next five games on the schedule)” (Nicholls, Jones 70). Therefore, anxiety acts as a distraction to the athlete, reducing the working memory and the task-focused attention. Hardy et al. in 2201 and Mullen et all in 2005 added to the distraction hypothesis theory by arguing that increased anxiety and task-irrelevant thoughts do not result in automatic choking.…

    • 1049 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Being an athlete you are always getting injured in some type of way, it can be either physical, mental or emotional. Small injuries are not usually taken as serious as needed because we know in our heads that it will not stop us from playing the sport we do. Those huge injuries that we encounter such as a torn ACL, sprained ankle, broken bones, etc. Everyone reacts in their own way, it doesn’t have to be dramatic or it doesn’t have to be calm, everyone takes pain in different ways that you do not know what to expect sometimes. So, there are different factors that come into play when it comes down to the psychological factor of it.…

    • 992 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The number of athletes involved in unsafe sports drastically increases, also increasing the amount of injuries due to sports. Despite the fact many argue athletes know the risk involved in playing a sport, changes should be made to make sports more secure on the grounds that players are presented to being severely injured, more teenagers are involved in playing games, and it is financially smart for game associations and teams. As previously stated during a game there is a 78% chance of players getting injured, due to possible injuries received players later on can develop brain diseases such as CTE. In addition, studies have proven their is a connection between brain traumas received and the diseases which could be fatal. As mentioned in articles…

    • 202 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    By the year 2050, many of the injuries that occur in sports will be reduced because "technology is going to greatly reduce the common injuries that happen in sports today (Harner).” Injury prevention is possibly the biggest factor in increasing the physical health of an athlete. Prevention is key to keeping athletes on the field and keeping them out of the doctor's office. By 2050, with all of the steps that have been taken to prevent injuries a new breed of athletes will blow away the old ones. They will be stronger, faster and bigger than ever before.…

    • 1196 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    As the number of basketball players are increasing, so the cases of injuries in young athletes despite of social and health benefits of the sport (Pate, Trost, Levin & Dowda, 2000). The main cause of injuries in basketball is a lot of stress on the body. According to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System – All Injury Program, in 2011 basketball was the most common cause of sport and recreation related injuries in the USA with highest number of cases. The same surveillance system also estimated that the young population between 15-24 years of age and the…

    • 818 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Stress Speech Outline

    • 760 Words
    • 4 Pages

    General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade my classmates to rethink the process of stress. Thesis: Modifying the ideology of stress has beneficial effects towards people.…

    • 760 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays