3.2 Total bile acid concentration and ileal nutrients digestibility coefficient The concentration of total bile acid significantly increased in birds fed diets contained Jakr-Na-Rai in both forms (P=0.001) but nutrients digestibility did not improve especially ether extract (Table 5). The coefficient of crude protein, ether extract and ash among treatment groups were not differed (P>0.05).
3.3 Growth performance
Average body weight of birds on day 22 was not differed among groups but significant difference was found on day 41 (Table 6). The average final body weight of birds fed both crude extract and powder forms of Jakr-Na-Rai at the flavonoid level 1.3 g/kg diet were higher than control and antibiotics (P=0.038). Average daily feed intake …show more content…
Carcass percentage was lowest in Jakr-Na-Rai powder form at flavonoid level 2.6 g/kg diet and was differed from control, antibiotic and crude extract form (P=0.007). Both flavonoid levels of powder form were not significant difference in carcass percentage. Percentage of abdominal fat in both flavonoid levels of powder form of Jakr-Na-Rai was significant difference with control fed groups (P=0.025) but was not differed with antibiotic and crude extract form. Moreover crude extract form of Jakr-Na-Rai was also not significant with control and antibiotic fed groups. When only Jakr-Na-Rai fed groups was considered, both levels of powder form were more effective to decrease abdominal fat than crude extract form. Effect of Jakr-Na-Rai on drip loss and lipid peroxidation in breast meat was not …show more content…
It could imply that the investigation results would become from the effect of Jakr-Na-Rai. Blood constituent parameters, pack cell volume, PCV, was used as general health status indicator (Goodwin et al., 1991) while white blood cell, WBC, (Al-Saffar and Al-Mawla, 2008) and heterophil (H) and lymphocyte (L) ratio (Post et al., 2003) were used as stress indices. Bonouns and Stedman (2000) reported that PCV and WBC status in normal broiler at 42 days of age were 22-35 % and 12,000-30,000 cell/µl ชัยรัตน์เช็คว่าตัวเลขนี้เป็นของไก่ระยะ 21 หรือ42 วัน ต้องการ 42 วัน. The results of both parameters, PCV and WBC, stand in the ranges indicated that all birds were in normal health status and no stress. However, H/L ratio was significantly decrease in birds fed both levels of powder form of Jakr-Na-Rai compared to the others. The result of stress indices between WBC and H/L ratio was differed, which one was the right solution. Gross and Siegel (1983) reported that H/L ratio could be used as a more reliable stress indicator and had less variation compared to the individual WBC profile. Because of the mechanism of stress that stimulates corticosterone and induces the decrease of lymphocyte and the increase of heterophil level (Maxwell and Robertson, 1998; Post et al., 2003; Thaxton et al., 2006). Flavonoid at the level of 1.3 g/kg diet of crude extract form did not enough to lowering H/L ratio compared to powder form
3.3 Growth performance
Average body weight of birds on day 22 was not differed among groups but significant difference was found on day 41 (Table 6). The average final body weight of birds fed both crude extract and powder forms of Jakr-Na-Rai at the flavonoid level 1.3 g/kg diet were higher than control and antibiotics (P=0.038). Average daily feed intake …show more content…
Carcass percentage was lowest in Jakr-Na-Rai powder form at flavonoid level 2.6 g/kg diet and was differed from control, antibiotic and crude extract form (P=0.007). Both flavonoid levels of powder form were not significant difference in carcass percentage. Percentage of abdominal fat in both flavonoid levels of powder form of Jakr-Na-Rai was significant difference with control fed groups (P=0.025) but was not differed with antibiotic and crude extract form. Moreover crude extract form of Jakr-Na-Rai was also not significant with control and antibiotic fed groups. When only Jakr-Na-Rai fed groups was considered, both levels of powder form were more effective to decrease abdominal fat than crude extract form. Effect of Jakr-Na-Rai on drip loss and lipid peroxidation in breast meat was not …show more content…
It could imply that the investigation results would become from the effect of Jakr-Na-Rai. Blood constituent parameters, pack cell volume, PCV, was used as general health status indicator (Goodwin et al., 1991) while white blood cell, WBC, (Al-Saffar and Al-Mawla, 2008) and heterophil (H) and lymphocyte (L) ratio (Post et al., 2003) were used as stress indices. Bonouns and Stedman (2000) reported that PCV and WBC status in normal broiler at 42 days of age were 22-35 % and 12,000-30,000 cell/µl ชัยรัตน์เช็คว่าตัวเลขนี้เป็นของไก่ระยะ 21 หรือ42 วัน ต้องการ 42 วัน. The results of both parameters, PCV and WBC, stand in the ranges indicated that all birds were in normal health status and no stress. However, H/L ratio was significantly decrease in birds fed both levels of powder form of Jakr-Na-Rai compared to the others. The result of stress indices between WBC and H/L ratio was differed, which one was the right solution. Gross and Siegel (1983) reported that H/L ratio could be used as a more reliable stress indicator and had less variation compared to the individual WBC profile. Because of the mechanism of stress that stimulates corticosterone and induces the decrease of lymphocyte and the increase of heterophil level (Maxwell and Robertson, 1998; Post et al., 2003; Thaxton et al., 2006). Flavonoid at the level of 1.3 g/kg diet of crude extract form did not enough to lowering H/L ratio compared to powder form