Frailty: The Geriatric Syndrome

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Many decades ago the term of frailty has been recognized as the geriatric syndrome because it related to the age-related decline in health that raises vulnerabilities and adverse health outcomes. The pathophysiology mechanism as gradually decline progresses with advanced age include cellular changes together with various system dysregulations (coagulation, endocrine, inflammatory and metabolism) is the another hallmark characteristics of frailty. Current research has proposed many genomics and biomarkers which its can indicate the processes of frailty such as telomere attrition, C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL6], tissue-type plasminogen activator [t-PA]), and growth hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
For the older adults

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