Chapter1. Introduction
1. 1. Overview of the Study
Evidently, willingness to communicate (WTC) has established itself as a determining factor in bringing about success or failure in learning a second language (Dӧrnyei,2005; Peng & Woodrow, 2010). It was first McCroskey and Richmond (1987) who developed the WTC concept in first language (L1) communication (as cited in Baharvand, Rezaee, & Valadi 2015). Dörnyei (2003) claimed that L2 competence by itself is not enough and learners need both the ability and the willingness to communicate (as cited in Bahshosh, Marzban, Nejad, & Rastegar, 2013) if successful communication is the aim of langue instruction (Richmond, 1987 as cited in Baharvand, et.al, 2015).…