These abnormalities may be due to the effects of carcinogens such as tobacco smoke, radiation, chemicals,
These abnormalities may be due to the effects of carcinogens such as tobacco smoke, radiation, chemicals,
Abstract Li-Fraumeni syndrome is an inherited disorder and leads to the presentation of various types of cancer in a family. This experiment was conducted to determine first, based on Valerie’s family pedigree, if Li-Fraumeni syndrome is present in her family and who has been affected by it. Once this was established, gel electrophoresis was used to compare samples of Valerie’s blood and normal breast tissue to her tumor tissue and to a wild type DNA fragment to see whether or not her cancer has metastasized; it did not appear that this was the case. Lastly, her children’s p53 gene was sequenced and compared to the wild type p53 sequence to determine whether any of them carried the mutation. Two of her children do have the mutation at two points…
Activity 3.1.1 revolved around the disease, cancer. In simple terms, cancer is a disease caused by an uncontrollable division of cells in the body which forms a tumor or a malignant that interferes with the regular function of an organ. The learning goals for this assignment included understanding the formation of cancer, finding possible risk factors and identifying common treatments and symptoms from the 12 cancer patients. In this lesson, I learned that often plays a crucial role in determining whether an individual has a cancer or not, and alcohol and smoking often elevate the chances of getting diagnosed with it. However, surgery, chemotherapy - a treatment that kills cancerous cells with chemical substances and radiation (uses high-energy…
In the past years, cancer has been a common reason for death. Research shows that the older you get the more risk you have of getting cancer. There are current trends about cancer specifically related to age. I am writing this essay to explain these current trends. The current trends about cancer specifically related to age are increasing.…
4 Even aging, the decomposition of the body over time, has an evolutionary advantage. Cancer is a disease based upon abnormal cells multiplying uncontrollably and eating away at healthy body tissue. Leonard Hayflick discovered in the 1960s that human cells only reproduce 50-60 times before essentially dying. This keeps a “check” on uncontrollable reproduction, preventing some cancerous cells from exploding. However, the Hayflick Limit also programs an expiration date, leading to…
“The biological definition of homeostasis is ‘the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain equilibrium, usually by a system of feedback controls, so as to stabilize health and functioning’. Generally, the body is in homeostasis when its needs are met and it’s functioning properly” (Lutz, 2013). All of the systems in the body play a role in maintaining homeostasis. The inability to do this can lead to disease and sometimes death. Our bodies’ temperature is maintained by homeostasis.…
In the human body, nearly 70 trillion cells work simultaneously with one another to maintain order throughout the designated body system (Zimmer, C., 2013). However, occasionally mutations occur in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), causing catastrophic events to occur throughout the body. Once these mutated cells have replicated and begin to take over a specified region, the mass then begins to absorb the region’s main source of nourishment: the blood supply. This is known as cancer. Each year, approximately 7.6 million people die from cancer (World, 2013).…
Cancer was not used as a casual medical term in the 1990s, with only one in five individuals contracting cancer. Unfortunately, that number has increased in the last few years to one in three, with reports predicting that number will increase to one in two individuals contracting cancer by 2020 (Faguet, 2005). The rate by which this deadly disease has grown in the past seventy years is astonishing, but what are the causes behind this raging epidemic? The most immediate causes relate to diet, exercise, and the environment. Americans increased their sugar consumption from 12 pounds of refined sugar per person in the 1800s to 154 pounds per person in the 2000s (Cooper, 2013).…
Cancer is a disease that have been infecting people for centuries. It is also the leading cause of disease worldwide. According to the cancer research group in the uk, in the year 2012 there was an estimate of 14.1 million new cases of cancer. This was split 53% in males and 47% in females. Several cancer types exists and I will be focusing on breast cancer.…
1. There are two different theories that cause abnormalities these are called the somatogenic theory and the psychogenic theory. 2. Somatogenic theory would say that there is something wrong with the person’s brain and physical causes. A way to help would be to use drugs, surgery, and other physical theories.…
The role of tumor suppressor genes is to inhibit cell division and limit the growth of tumors. A type of tumor suppressor gene, known as the p53 gene, is known for its role in repairing damaged DNA. It will often activate other genes that help to slow down the cell cycle and buy some time to repair damaged DNA. If the damage caused to DNA is deemed irreparable, the p53 gene can activate genes responsible for apoptosis, which is programmed cell suicide. If tumor suppressor genes like the p53 gene are unable to serve their function and prevent mutations from occurring and being passed on, cancer is a potential outcome (Campbell, pg. 384).…
Cancer in America Why do people get cancer? Many people may ask this question. They do not understand why or how their loved one or friend got this horrible disease. There are many reasons for cancer.…
According to the CDC (2013), heart disease and cancer, along with other chronic diseases such as stroke, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease are negative health consequences. However, the decline and…
The condition was first described by Dr. Samia Temtamy and John Rogers in 1976. The syndrome is named after the Greek goddess proteus who can change his shape. The most thought of person when people think of this condition is John Merrick, commonly known as the elephant man. The condition is rare only about a hundred people have it today. It is still something to worry about when you have a child.…
In 2012, two million deaths globally were caused by cancer; preventing those deaths could save many lives, including family and friends (World Health Organization). Although cancer does not personally affect everyone, cancer causes many controversies for family and friends. The effects of cancer impact many people’s lives, mainly friends and family of a patient with cancer. One way cancer affects family and friends is financially due to the cost of the treatments, hospitals, and bills that come along with having cancer. The treatments for cancer cost a lot of money; like chemo a few days of the week until the tumor is weakened.…
Hereditary Cancer Cancer is one of the most unknown subjects in the medical world. When it comes, why it comes, and how to effectively contain it is still being studied. Treatments have been available to lessen the cancer, or in some cases, take it away. The medical community has come so far in our knowledge of cancer. Splitting cancer into two specific groups of somatic cancer and hereditary cancer, researchers are getting more information.…