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Where is the hypothalamus located?
Under the floor of the third ventricle, extending from the optic chiasm and lamina terminalis anteriorly. It is bordered laterally by the optic tracts and posteriorly by the mammillary bodies.
What are the functional zones of the hypothalamus?
1. Periventricular
2. Medial
3. Lateral
The periventricular zone of the hypothalamus contains which nuclei?
1. Suprachiasmatic nucleus (circadian rhythm)
2. Magnocellular - endocrine control
2. Parvocellular - endocrine control
The medial nuclei of the hypothalamus are involved in?
Maintaining homeostasis and controlling reproduction, and also autonomic control and is critical in stress response
The lateral hypothalamus controls what?
Food intake and the sleep-wake cycle (through orexin, also known as hypocretin) and motivated behaviour
Which system regulates the release of oxytocin and vasopressin?
The magnocellular system
Where do the cells of the magnocellular system project?
Posterior pituitary; together they constitute the neurohypophysis
Where are the cells of the magnocellular system located?
Paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus; they are large-diameter hypothalamic neurons
What is the role of the parvocellular system?
To regulate pituitary hormone release by neurovascular transmission
Where are the nuclei of the parvocellular system located?
They comprise small-diameter neurons in several hypothalamic nuclei in the periventricular zone
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