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Housing
* not enough affordable housing
* forced to live in slums, e.g. Dharavi --> 60% live in slums
--> 1 mill people (86000 homes) crammed in a small area
--> 1400 people to every toilet
--> water available from standpipes a few hours a day, often contaminated
--> 1 tap per 150 people
--> home made from scrap (wood + iron) - newcomers live under plastic sheets on pavements
* 40% live in run down old flats (chawls), or super rich with big houses
* some new flats built, but very expensive
Employment
* too many people for jobs available
* informal sector --> recycling, pottery, shoe shining
* illegal businesses not complying with health + safety or environmental laws, pay no tax
* employment insecure and dangerous
* number of formal jobs rising due to success of economy and globalisation (call centres)
Pollution
* River Mithi highly polluted with human and industrial waste - no life
* air quality --> highly polluting vehicles and industry --> bad for health
* noise pollution
Waste
* 7000 tonnes produced a day --> 5000 biodegradable/recyclable
* household waste collected and taken to 3 dumping grounds --> no waste management in slums --> trucks cannot fit down narrow streets
* Deonar, 35km S of Mumbai
--> huge transport costs
--> no new area for when it fills
--> decomposition --> leachate --> pollutes ground water
--> bacteria produce fumes
--> mosquitoes and pests endemic at the site
-->health risks for people of nearby Chembur
* coastal slum Kaula Bandar has no waste service --> waste dumped in sea
* rag pickers --> sell recyclables to unofficial factories for sorting --> sorting underpaid and dangerous (but essential income for many)
--> govt. scheme to train rag pickers and sorters --> 16 days --> unpopular
--> most waste generated by richest due to more consumerism
Transport
* 88% of commuters travel by bus or train --> passenger numbers 5x 1960-90
* overcrowding --> hazardous
* people travel by scooter/mopeds --> polluting
* little room to increase transport routes --> peninsular --> 2 highways run N/S
* plan to construct 150km Metro railway, 30km underground --> difficult due to lack of space due to slums --> difficult to move
* 4 proposed monorail lines and elevated road over sea --> unfinished --> lack of govt. money
* car ownership rising as wealth increases
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