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1. What is a mixture?
• A mixture is something made up of 2 or more substances that are not chemically bonded together and can be separated.
2. Name three separation techniques
• Chromatography
•Filtration
•Evaporation
•Distillation
3. What separation technique would you use to separate 2 substances that have different boiling points?
• Distillation
4. What is crude oil?
• Crude oil is a mixture of compounds known as hydrocarbons.
5. Alkanes are found in crude oil. What are alkanes?
• Saturated hydrocarbons
6. What two elements are present in hydrocarbons?
• Hydrogen and Carbon
7. What is the general formula for alkanes?
• CnH2n+2
8. When drawing displayed formulas what do the lines between the atoms represent?
• The lines between atoms represent bonds.
9. How are the many hydrocarbons in crude oil separated into fractions by fractional distillation?
• Crude oil is heated vaporised and fed in at the bottom of the fractionating column
• The column is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top
• The fractions are separated by their different boiling points
• Hydrocarbons that have lower boiling points are collected near the top of the fractionating column and hydrocarbons with higher boiling points are collected near the bottom of the fractionating column
• The gases condense when they reach the temperature of their boiling points
• The different fractions are collected as liquids at different levels of the fractionating column.
10. What is meant by viscosity?
• Viscosity is how easily a liquid can flow.
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