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Name and describe 2 external factors which affect climate change
Solar Output – variations in amount of energy given off by sun –sunspots can affect solar output – e.g. reduction in sunspot activitybetween 1645-1715 likely cause of Little Ice Age
Orbital Geometry – earth’s orbit of the sun varies in shape – whencircular glacial periods have occurred, when elliptical warmerperiods result (Milankovitch Cylces)
Describe how volcanic activity can affect global climatechange
Volcanic Dust puts huge amounts of ash and sulphurdioxide in the atmosphere – acts to block out solarradiation and can cause a decrease in globaltemperatures. e.g. Laki eruption – Iceland 1783 – reduced global temperatures and led to harvest failing in W Europe.
How does surface reflection affect globaltemperatures?
Different types of surface have a different albedo – capacity ofsurface to reflect radiation. Lighter surfaces – e.g. snow and ice reflect large amounts ofradiation back to space (high albedo) – reduces temperatures. Reduction in snow and ice – less sunlight reflected back andtemperatures warm
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