Results show a significant difference between the correspond absorbance and wavelength recordings of the four pigments. Carotene and Xanthophyll absorb the least amount of range within the wavelengths starting at 400 nm and going to 500 nm peaking between an absorption of 0.2 and 0.6. Meaning that Carotene and Xanthophyll only have a range of 100 nm. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b absorb the largest range of wavelengths; starting at 400 nm and going to 500 nm. The absorbance then peaks again between 600 nm and 700 nm.…
Rubisco exists in four forms. Form I Rubisco is a hexadecamer, which is repeated four times in the basic structural motif, a dimer of large subunits, to form a catalytic core of L8, with small subunits on the top and bottom of this core (L8S8).14–16 Form II Rubisco is a simple dimer of large subunits, ranging from L2-8, sharing 25–30% identity to the L subunits of Form I Rubisco. This structure is similar to the structure of the basic dimer of the Form I Rubisco despite some differences in catalytic properties.16,17 Form III Rubisco is the dimers of large subunits in either an L2 or (L2)5 and is found only in archaea. Form IV Rubisco (Rubisco-like Protein) is a simple dimer of large subunits (L2) that do not use CO2 as a major carbon source.18,19…
Introduction: Investigating the effects of light intensity, NH4CL, and DCMU on the rate of electron transport in spinach thylakoid membranes was the purpose of this lab. Photosynthesis is the process that routinely drives electron transport across the thylakoid membrane but can be impacted when additional factors are added. Two phases known as the light reactions and the Calvin cycle makeup photosynthesis. Plastoquinone shuttle, water oxidation, and NADP+ reduction are the major factors of the light reactions.…
The second best growth change was experienced by the duckweed under yellow light (wavelengths between 570nm and 585nm). The growth change under yellow light was approximately…
The controls for this experiment were having the same amount of water for each temperature (50mL), the same amount of bicarbonate infused in each spinach disk, the same sized spinach disks and the same light intensity on all of the beakers. By altering the temperature of water, the rate of photosynthesis was changed. Photosynthesis is less efficient at extreme temperatures due to the enzymes not properly functioning at these extremes. In the experiment, only the beaker filled with room temperature water (22°C) had the spinach disks’ rising to the top in 17 minutes, the rising to the top is a result of photosynthesis occurring and oxygen being produced. In comparison to the other two beakers filled with water of extreme temperatures (10°C and 60°C) which had little to no movement of the spinach disks and thus it can concluded no photosynthesis.…
It helps increase the range of light a plant can use for energy. ● Carotenoids: This is a class of accessory pigments that occur in all photosynthetic organisms. Carotenoids absorb light maximally between 460 nm and 550 nm and appear shades of red, orange, or yellow. E. What is the meaning of “climax” in…
Figure 1 shows a set of data that was collected to show the affect of time on the production of pink/gold melanin. The pink/gold melanin is absorbed in a spectrophotometer set at 475nm, which reflects the activity rate of polyphenol-oxidase. Polyphenol-oxidase is found in the potato extract in phosphate buffer ph6, which influences the production of melanin due to the interaction of 0.1% catechol and phosphate buffer pH6. The purpose of the phosphate buffer pH6 is to mimic the cell’s cytoplasm. Furthermore, the production of pink/gold melanin is already occurring due to the potato’s cells containing 0.1% catechol; therefore we want to observe how time can affect the rate of polyphenol-oxidase that will be producing pink/gold melanin.…
From prior knowledge, we know that when you add CO2 (carbon dioxide) to bromothymol blue the water will turn green, when you add O2 (oxygen) the water will turn blue. The experiment we investigated is how does the amount of light the plant receives affect the color of the water. We took three test tubes with water and bromothymol blue, two of them had elodea plants in them one of them the control did not. One of the test tubes with the elodea plant in a dark cabinet where no sunlight could reach the plant, the other tube was near a window. The control was also near a window.…
Introduction: Leaf Disk float in water alone. When a solution consisting of a small amount of sodium bicarbonate is added to the water it causes the leaf disk to sink. As photosynthesis continues in the leaf disk it releases oxygen and causes the leaf disk to rise. While cellular respiration is occurring also the rate that the disk raise is an in implicit measurement of the net rate of photosynthesis. The independent variable in this lab is the solution and the light because it can be controlled.…
Identifying the Photosynthetic Pigments Introduction: This experiment was mostly introduced as identifying the different photosynthetic pigments between the Spinach and Blue-green algae. These two pigments were well used in this experiment and simply finding the appearances. Our group was to experiment both these pigments by the amount of bands there was to use, the distance between one band to another, the band color, the distance pigment migrated from the distance solvent front migrated, and lastly the pigment name. If we add the chromatography liquid to our pigments, then the extract of the pigment begin to separate onto the TLC plate. Materials: 50-mL Beakers Pencil 0.5 mL Blue-green extract 2 Pipet, graduated 4 mL Chromatography solvent 2 pipet, thin-stem 0.5 mL Spinach extract Ruler TLC plate (sheet) Scissors Marker or Wax 2 Watch Glasses Procedure: Label the two 50-mL beakers with group name or number, one beaker “spinach extract” and other “blue-green algae extract” Use scissors to cut the TLC sheet and…
a. The structures of chloroplasts overall assist with the contribution of the function of photosynthesis. The thylakoid membrane is an essential structure to chloroplasts because it allows the process of light reactions to take place. Photosystem l, makes NADPH from chlorophyll and is responsible for the transfer of electrons with high energy levels to additional molecules. Whereas, photosystem II produces ATP with the usage of an electron from light. Moreover, the thylakoid space is beneficial for the function of photosynthesis due to the reason being that it helps generate the concentration gradient of protons and absorb light in photosynthesis.…
The Endosybiant theory states that the mitochondria and the chloroplasts were at one point in evolution, prokaryotic cells. It is said that before they had the function and job that they have today, that the mitochondria and the chloroplasts lived on their own and commonly took shelter inside of larger host cells. There they provided the host cell with the nutrients that it needed to live, and in return the host cell gave the cells a protected place to live. Eventually the host cell, the mitochondria, and chloroplast cells became dependent on each other for survival. Symbiosis is when two different species, in this case the host cells and the mitochondria and chloroplast cells, both benefit from living in unison together and is where this theory…
Question and Hypothesis Experiment I Eukaryotic cells contain several membrane-bound organelles. Plant cells are a specific type of eukaryote that are both aerobic and photosynthetic. Because of this, they contain mitochondria that serve a vital role in aerobic respiration that follows photosynthesis. The enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an enzyme associated with the Citric Acid Cycle that takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. SDH serves as a catalyst for a reaction in which succinate and FAD become fumarate and FADH2.…
The type of invention that this researchers want to do is create a process where artificial photosynthesis is possible and this would not only help with the environmental problems that is going on in the society right now, like global warming. This would help with global warming because this would decrease the amount of carbon dioxide that would be released into the atmosphere and it would decrease the rate of global warming. Other problem that could be solved with this process is the it could provide the world with fuels of high energy density like hydrogen, methane, or methanol which would help with the supply of other compounds like expensive products that would not be formed unless one of this high energized fuel would be needed. His form…
Photosynthesis is a plant’s mechanism of converting sunlight and CO2 into energy in the form of organic material (Hohmann-Marriott and Blankenship 2011). Plant respiration is the process of using energy and oxygen to produce CO2 (Gonzalez-Meler et al. 2004). Almost all plants reproduce and respire, therefore it is important to know what factors could affect the rate of photosynthesis and respiration to better understand how plants function. Some research has shown that elevated CO2 concentrations may determine plant productivity by affecting plant physiological processes, and ecosystem structure and functions such as photosynthesis ( Xu et al. 1987).…