already predetermined problems of earlier paradigms set to be solved. The final
problem with natural science is the articulation of a paradigm. Researchers must
conduct experiments and observations to articulate or express coherently
paradigms. They must undergo work on the paradigm to prove and define the given
models of previous theory. After giving attention to these problems Kuhn suggests
that the practicing of articulated paradigms will be determined as capable of
answering set problems or incapable and with that will cease to be used in further
experiments. In the following chapter of paradigms, Kuhn makes obvious the use of
paradigms in normal science as being part of a puzzle. The research that scientists …show more content…
Moving forward from the failures of experiments, scientists
possess a drive to find results to add precision to given paradigms and improve its
accountability. To discover the nature of a paradigm, one must follow the set rules
passed down from earlier results of attempted experiments with those paradigms.
After explain the nature of paradigms, Thomas Kuhn gives insight to the emergence
of crises and scientific theories. He defines crises as being the outcome of changes in
paradigms and the arrival of new theories brought about by failed theories. What
has become common sense or second nature to scientists now is the action to
develop a new theory from a failed attempt with an older theory. When working
with science one is to expect such failure to occur quite often. These crises offer the
opportunity to the scientists to rethink and reorganize.
Following its emergence, Kuhn gives us a response to crises. He wants us to
assume that a crises is a precondition, as he puts it, for the emergence of novel
theories and ask how scientists react to these theories. Kuhn wants to reassure us
that scientists do not treat such crises as extremes to renounce …show more content…
The transition from older paradigms to newer from precise
ones lead to a different understanding of normal science. This transition then leads
to a scientific revolution, the move from normal to new, more complex research. In
the final five chapters of The Structure of Scientific Revolution, Kuhn discusses the
shift from old paradigms to new ones causing a revolution in science. Scientific
revolutions are very similar to political revolutions. In both fields, the newer
members of the communities cease to use the older paradigms or models that once
were used to answer existing problems the need for newer data and research is
required which then leads to members breaking off into their own competing
parties. The separate parties will then engage in conflict with each other using
methods of persuasion trying to convince the other that their new methods and
models are correct. The acceptance of the newer theories and paradigms leads to
the extinction of the older paradigm that is deemed invalid. The change of
paradigms then affect the world as a whole, not just changing the views of scientific
communities but also the views of those who wish to enter a field of scientific