I. Component Skills of Reading (pp. 2-8)
A. Reading involves understanding written language. (p. 2)
B. Five skills necessary for reading development: phonological awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency, and reading comprehension. (p. 2)
1. Phonological awareness –sensitivity to the structure of sounds in language
2. Phonics—relationship between phonemes and graphemes
3. Vocabulary—words and word meanings in language
4. Fluency—naming quickly familiar symbols, letters or numbers, and reading quickly, accurately, and effortlessly
5. Reading comprehension—understanding the meaning of text
C. Cognitive processes such as memory and processing speed resources …show more content…
Latino children are at risk for reading disabilities
3. There are too many ELLs in special education in the higher grades
H. Educational Initiatives (p. 13)
1. The response-to-intervention (RTI) model ensures all children with learning difficulties have access to early identification and intervention (Lombardino, 2012)
a. Tier 1 focus on improving classroom instruction
b. Tier 2 is additional group instruction
c. Tier 3 is individualized to meet student’s specific needs
2. The IDEA 2004 legislation permits educators to use students’ responsiveness to intervention to determine the nature and intensity of intervention (Lombardino, 2012).
I. Research on Differentiating Types of Reading Disabilities (pp. 13-16)
1. Many individuals with LD have reading disabilities
2. Intraindividual approach—not all reading challenges are the same and an analysis of each individual’s skills is necessary
3. Simple View of Reading Model: reading is the result of word decoding and understanding
4. The Rauding Diagnostic System: model of reading based on listening comprehension and reading comprehension represent the same fundamental language processes
a. Reading disabilities can be better understood when comprehension is studied in spoken and written