Austin and John Searle as leading philosophers of language. They both have works on speech acts. Austin (1962) categorizes speech acts in three groups: locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. A locutionary act is the first category that is based on the speech (producing a basic utterance), An illocutionary act is the second category that is based on the communicative force of the utterance and a perlocutionary act is the last category that is based on the subsequent effect as a consequence of the utterance. The most important of these three categories is illocutionary act because the term speech act is mostly associated with illocutionary force of the utterance (Yule, 1996). An utterance “It is hot in here” is provided to exemplify the categorization in Austin (1962). At first, the locutionary meaning; it is the literal meaning of the utterance, secondly, illocutionary meaning; it is the social meaning of the utterance. It could be an indirect request to open the window for someone, indirect refusal to close the window for someone’s being cold or a complaint about someone’s wrong behavior of closing the window and finally the perlocutionary meaning; it is the effect of the
Austin and John Searle as leading philosophers of language. They both have works on speech acts. Austin (1962) categorizes speech acts in three groups: locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. A locutionary act is the first category that is based on the speech (producing a basic utterance), An illocutionary act is the second category that is based on the communicative force of the utterance and a perlocutionary act is the last category that is based on the subsequent effect as a consequence of the utterance. The most important of these three categories is illocutionary act because the term speech act is mostly associated with illocutionary force of the utterance (Yule, 1996). An utterance “It is hot in here” is provided to exemplify the categorization in Austin (1962). At first, the locutionary meaning; it is the literal meaning of the utterance, secondly, illocutionary meaning; it is the social meaning of the utterance. It could be an indirect request to open the window for someone, indirect refusal to close the window for someone’s being cold or a complaint about someone’s wrong behavior of closing the window and finally the perlocutionary meaning; it is the effect of the