However, urbanization brings challenge; especially in the developing countries in terms of improving the urban environment and the living condition. Urbanization leads to the emergence of commercial and industrial activities within the area but the historic city areas, having failed to keep pace with the requirements of the modern economy, start to deteriorate. While historic cities area indentitarian, core to the city both historically and geographically, they are also central to many …show more content…
These include rescue and relief measures that are carried out with no regard to heritage value of damaged areas. Looting of heritage buildings and reuse of traditional building elements (e.g., wooden beams and columns, ornamental windows) as fuel or reconstruction are not unusual. Infrastructure repair or replacement (e.g., road widening) may also disregard or encroach upon cultural assets. Temporary camps are often sited without regard to cultural heritage concerns. Illegal and uncontrolled relocation and reconstruction spoil or damage heritage landscapes and assets. Authenticity and integrity may be lost because of inadequate repair and retrofitting measures (Rojas,