Furthermore, the different concentrations were prepared in separately labeled eppendorf tubes, by adding distilled water to the 50 mM of caffeine to dilute them to the appropriate concentrations chosen. The slides were then put on the cooling chamber, after small fibers of cotton wool were placed on each well. Wide-mouthed…
The effect of caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia pulex Introduction In this experiment the effect of caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia will be tested by use of a microscope and caffeine solution. Daphnia pulex is a crustaceous animal found in the ocean. There internal organs can be visible to observe because their body is translucent. This would be interesting because we could see how the effect of caffeine effects the heart rate of humans as well.…
The dichloromethane just drained contains dissolved caffeine that has been extracted from the coffee. However, it isn’t possible to extract all the caffeine with a single portion of dichloromethane. Therefore, you will do two more extractions using fresh portions of dichloromethane in order to extract the majority of the caffeine that is in the coffee. Set the beaker containing the first portion of dichloromethane…
Introduction Planaria are a type of flatworms that possess a mammalian nervous system and the ability to regenerate skin cells. The flatworms are used in a variety of experiments, which include chemical responses and experiments upon the regeneration process. When combined with addictive drugs and chemicals, such as cocaine and ethanol, the planaria display paroxysms, motor effects, and c shaped movements (Tallarida et al 2014). The planaria demonstrate their applicability of their systems in multi-drug interactions, and they display visible results in different drug combinations. (Tallarida et all 20014).…
Pharmacology- Practical based exercise Introduction/ aims Acetylcholine (ACH) is a neurotransmitter which operate in the brain, ACH are known as cholinergic because they are released from both the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, (Colovic, 2013). There are drugs which look to copy these effects or inhibit them, they are known as cholinergic drugs. ACH has two types of receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Nicotine acts as antagonists for nicotinic receptors, by blocking these receptors this causes the muscles to relax.…
Caffeine, one of the most commonly used psychoactive drugs, is a central nervous system stimulant that induces the sense of alertness and awareness. Inspired by the previous research on how the caffeine affects the cardiovascular system, we wanted to test the effect of different concentrations of caffeine on the heart. We used ECG stimulator on LabScribe 2 software to monitor the heart rate. We used frogs as a test subject, since both frogs and humans have a closed cardiovascular system, therefore the effect on the frog’s heart would parallel the situation of a human heart. We quantitatively measured the heart rate and found out that caffeine significantly increases the heart rate of the Rana sphenocephala Introduction:…
One such way of removing caffeine includes distillation, distillation is possible between the two as they have a distance of over 50 degrees Celsius in boiling points. Water has a boiling point of 100 degrees Celsius and caffeine has a boiling point of 178 degrees Celsius. This means if the solution is heated to 100 degrees the water will begin to evaporate but the caffeine will not. The water vapours can then undergo condensation leaving pure water without the contaminate present. This process however can be time consuming and costly also requiring a constant heat source for prolonged periods.…
Caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine) is one of the most important naturally occurring methylated xanthine alkaloids. It is a constituent of coffee, tea, sodas, chocolate, various energy drinks, and is the most widely consumed behaviorally active substance in the world. After rapid and complete absorption from gastrointestinal tract, caffeine undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism, mediated primarily by cytochrome P450 1A2 N-demethylation, to form three primary metabolites, paraxanthine (1, 7-dimethylxanthine), theobromine (3, 7-dimethylxanthine), and theophylline (1, 3-dimethylxatnhine). In humans, the formation of paraxanthine accounts for 83.9 ± 5.4% of caffeine metabolism, while theobromine and theophylline account for 12.2 ± 4.1 and 3.7…
The drinks we have chosen for our project is water which will be our constant, sweet tea because it is a common drink in the south, and soda, which we will be using Dr.Pepper because it was the class favorite. Sweet tea contains 0.106 mg caffeine per ml of liquid, Dr. Pepper contains 0.116 mg caffeine per ml of liquid, and water contains 0.000 mg caffeine per ml of liquid. This means that the Dr. Pepper contains the most caffeine of the three drinks we have chosen ( Sinclair and Geiger, 2000). Caffeine “is a stimulant of the central…
With everyone on the road and the general lack of sleep there is a overall need for caffeine in this society. For most people the way that they get it is coffee, but that isn’t the case for all. Some would rather choose tea. The United States is now the fourth spot in the Huffington post list for top tea markets (Relaxnews). With people so on the go many of them get thermoses; and for those tea drinkers they even have tea infuser thermoses.…
Paracetamol is one of the world’s most beneficial and resourceful analgesic and is widely used in present day. An analgesic, can be defined, as a chemical compound that relieves pain, reduces fever and inflammation. It works by hindering the enzyme cyclooxygenase which acts a catalyst to convert fatty acids to prostaglandins. Prostaglandins cause pain and inflammation to peripheral and central points in the nervous system2. Paracetamol, or Acetaminophen is created by the synthesis and preparation of an amide.…
As a solid, caffeine can physically can be described as a white, odorless crystalline substance. Caffeine’s molecular formula is C8H10N4O2 which is similar to the neurotransmitter, Adenosine whose molecular formula is C10H13N5O4. They both consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen and have relatively close amounts of each. Since caffeine and adenosine both share similar molecular formulas, they also share similar looking structures. Caffeine has been used for both recreational and medicinal purposes since before recorded time.…
Caffeine is normally found in coffee, tea, sodas and chocolates. However, caffeine supplements are also available in pill form. Once caffeine is consumed it is absorbed into the body through the stomachs lining and circulated in the bloodstream. Its effects usually take place within an hour of being used but factors such as age, weight, and other drugs can alter its results. Once absorbed it becomes dispersed throughout the body mainly affecting the brain stem, which unites with the central nervous system.…
This lab was performed to both introduce and practice extraction techniques along with any procedures associated. The specific extraction employed used the different reactivates of the components with an acid and a base to produce products that are more soluble in water at different stages. Other methods included filtration of mixtures, obtaining a compound’s melting point, and using infrared spectroscopy to analyze a compounds structure. Since no initial masses were given, percent yield cannot be determined. However, a relative analysis of the resulting masses of the compounds shows that the solution contained mostly aspirin, caffeine, and acetanilide in decreasing amounts, but since each compound contains the other compounds, this conclusion…
There has always been talk about how things containing caffeine cannot be good for you. Two main products that contain caffeine are coffee and energy drinks. When it comes to both of these things people can argue on how one is better than the other or how they’re both bad for you. There are statistics to prove both of these sides to be correct. There are many similarities between coffee and energy drinks; however, when it comes to differences, the health risks of energy drinks outweigh coffee.…