Though the 12-step process is based on a more spiritual approach to the disease model, there are groups available such as Self Management and Recovery Training (SMART) and Rational Recovery (RR). Kelly, Deane & Baker (2015) note that SMART recovery incorporates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) promoting positive behavior changes by identifying relationship between feelings, thoughts, and behaviors, challenging unhelpful beliefs, utilize positive behavior strategies, and incorporate action plans. This process of change comes from the choice to change based on the actions to do so, rather than the belief that change can come from a power greater than self. RR is also founded on changes to the belief system as found in Rational Emotive Therapy. According to Galanter, Egelko & Edwards (1993) RR is based on the assumption that psychological difficulties are caused by irrational beliefs that can be understood and overcome rather than existential or spiritual deficits. Though addiction has created beliefs in and of its own, a client may find that the meld of both new and old belief systems will determine what support may be most effective based on what the client identifies …show more content…
Kelly, Greene & Bergman (2016) states that in the treatment arena, most programs refer clients to free community-based recovery mutual-help organizations, such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous to help prevent relapse and support long-term recovery. As a therapist must support the spiritual belief or lack of belief, the ideology of recovery based community must be encouraged in order to continue the process of change necessary for long-term recovery. Though the concepts of the 12-step are spiritual in nature, they are not religious by definition. Perhaps resistance to change creates the animosity found toward any particular peer-support community, the sheer number of meetings available to any client seeking support is abundantly clear of its effectiveness. The aspect of addiction is such that an individual cannot afford to forget the consequences of substance abuse, and the effective alliance of like minded individuals that support the recovery process. The 12-step recovery community seems to have the strongest hold on continuum of treatment and support that opposes